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- W2992444488 abstract "The renewed among Circassians in the North Caucasus region in Russia that has unfolded since the latter half of the 2000s is illustrated by the establishment of new civil society organizations and a substantially increased number of internet-based initiatives. All of this reflects a new and increased form of agency and unity among the Circassians in which youth activism has played key role. It also illustrates how Circassian civil society actors and cyber-activists have not only been able to establish a counter-public sphere or develop a new space for action, but also increasingly have been able to move key issues from Circassian spheres into the wider public sphere of mainstream Russian media and politics. The upcoming 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, in particular, has functioned as a lever in this process, which has also resulted in increasing support among Circassians for calls for recognition of the nineteenth century forced expulsion of the majority of the Circassians from the Caucasus as an act of genocide. In this manner, a mega-event such as the Sochi Olympics has contributed to generating a more radical or politicized understanding or framing of the Caucasian exodus that, since the fall of the Soviet Union, has generally been known as our national tragedy. The million-strong and geographically dispersed Circassian diaspora have undergone a similar civil society and internet-based since the mid-2000s, which includes increased transnational communication, coordination, and cooperation - and increasingly also includes Circassian actors in the North Caucasus.Keywords: Circassians, civil society, internet, youth, nationalizing stateIn recent years, a new and significant type of unity and coordinated action has appeared among Circassian organizations across the three republics in the North Caucasus where Circassians constitute titular-nationalities: Adygs in Adygea, Kabardinians in Kabardino-Balkaria, and Cherkessians in Karachai-Cherkessia.1 New Circassian organizations and internet media have been established and have managed to involve many Circassians in their activities - especially since the mid-2000s. The arrival and spread of social media in Web 2.0, such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube have contributed to the increased involvement and visibility of Circassians in the North Caucasus. The aim of this paper is to discuss the ongoing Circassian as represented by the actions of Circassian organizations supplemented by Circassian internet activities, i.e. recent tendencies within the civil society sector of the region that signal a request for or suggest increased democratization (from below). In this process the role of youth and the internet appear to be significant. All these activities represent a new type of unity compared to earlier periods, when the Circassian organizations mainly operated within their own republics and in relation to the local republican power structures. Both the republican and the federal authorities have often reacted with hostility to the organizations and many of their proposals have been rejected, ignored, or have resulted in different forms of harassment including severe beatings and threats against the family.In the analytical context of this paper, I will use the term as this is a term that has achieved widespread usage, though the militaristic connotations sometimes affiliated with the term mobilization can make it challenging for use in a Caucasian context that has become internationally known for violent conflicts. The word ethnic has often been affiliated to these conflicts and, when combined with mobilization, this could appear self-explanatory - or be misused as such (Dragadze, 1998). The Circassian is multidimensional; it is not just ethnic, but also, inter alia, cultural, indigenous and minority rights- oriented. Some Circassian examples from Turkey will be included as they have been undergoing a significant process of civil society reform starting more than ten years ago and several million Circassians live in Turkey - compared to 700,000 in the North Caucasus - and are in a process of becoming organized also beyond Turkey. …" @default.
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- W2992444488 date "2012-12-01" @default.
- W2992444488 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2992444488 title "Renewed Circassian Mobilization in the North Caucasus 20-years after the Fall of the Soviet Union" @default.
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