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• W2992926689 abstract "The stage is set; the players are all in place. The text recounts how Barak ben Avinoam assembles the tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali, ten thousand in number, and together with Deborah the prophetess, they ascend Mount Tabor, in the Lower Galilee. Sisera, the Canaanite general, gets word of this and gathers his powerful army, with their 900 chariots of iron, to the wadi of Kishon, below. 'Up,' declares Deborah, for 'this is the day on which the Lord will deliver Sisera into your hands,' (Jud. 4:14) and Barak descends the mountain, his men following close behind. But just at this point of greatest tension, when the reader eagerly awaits a vivid account of the battle scene, the text, which had offered such precise details regarding the disposition of the forces before the battle, suddenly becomes frustratingly laconic. One sentence, And the Lord threw Sisera and all his chariots and army into a panic (4:15), serves to depict the entire battle. How exactly this band of foot soldiers (presumably not well armed, see Judges 5:8) succeeded in routing such an overwhelming cavalry force is not made clear in the text. What specific form of divine intervention brought about the unlikely, yet utterly thorough, Israelite victory? Even the single verb used, va-yahom [and He threw into a panic], is uncommon and rather general. Unspecific as the word va-yahom is, however, it is one of several clues to interpretation provided by the text. The verb va-yahom is used more familiarly in the story of the Exodus from Egypt (Ex. 14:24), and this is not the only similarity between the two stories. In both narratives the Israelites are a fearful, demoralized people confronting militarily superior adversaries confident of success. The Egyptians, a highly civilized nation with a history of sophisticated culture and advanced technology, have cornered the former Hebrew slaves, and a mighty force of chariots seems certain to crush the helpless runaways. Much later, in the period of the Judges, an oppressed Jewish people once again confronts a vastly superior power equipped with chariots of iron, representing the supreme achievement of that era, and defeat seems imminent. Of course, in both episodes God intervenes, and the enemies are utterly destroyed, not one of them remained; the words of Exodus (14:28) repeated in Judges (4:16). The Israelites respond to their victory with joyous song led, in Exodus, by Moses and Miriam the prophetess, and in Judges by Barak and the prophetess Deborah. (1) While these and other similarities serve to link the two stories, one major difference calls for closer examination. In the Exodus chapters, the events preceding the song are presented in clear detail. The affliction the Hebrew slaves suffered at the hands of Pharaoh, how he made life bitter for them with harsh labor (Ex. 1:14), is vividly narrated. The evil decree of Pharaoh to cast all male born children into the Nile, the beating of the Hebrew slave by the Egyptian taskmaster, the Israelites' desperate cries to the Lord, are all faithfully recorded in the text, and well remembered by every reader of the Bible. What is lacking in the narrative portion of Judges is precisely such a clear depiction not only of the actual battle scene but also of the prior suffering of the Israelites. Being part of the cycle of transgression- oppression- salvation, which serves as the framework for much of the Book of Judges, the Deborah story begins, like the accounts of many other leaders during the period, with the statement, The Israelites again did what was offensive to the Lord (4:1). As in the other accounts in Judges, God sends an enemy, this time the Canaanites, to punish them for their transgression. What form this punishment took, however, is nowhere expanded upon in the chapter. Once again, one vague sentence, and he had oppressed Israel ruthlessly (4:3), is the only glimpse we are given of the entire twenty years of subjugation which led up to the decisive clash between the two nations. …" @default.
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• W2992926689 date "2011-01-01" @default.
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• W2992926689 title "Themes in the Deborah Narrative (Judges 4-5)" @default.
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