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• W2992940730 abstract "The past 100 years were witness to a barrage of highly stressful, life-threatening, anxiety-producing events: wars, large-scale disasters, assassinations, mass murders, and the obliteration of entire cities and the threat of annihilation of millions more people with nuclear weapons. Yet, important questions about the impact of these events have not been asked: Can there be a transgenerational neurobiological effect on the children and grandchildren of people who have been subjected to life-threatening, traumatic societal events? Could the psychobiology of widespread anxiety and worry (solicitude) be experienced not only by the generation that witnessed and lived through those devastating events, but also by their progeny, who were not yet born during the traumatic events? And could there be epigenetic consequences on a large scale, producing a generation that shares traits induced by the trauma experienced by the previous generation? Did the rise of delinquency in the 1950s, followed by the anti-war rebellion, unprecedented sexual promiscuity, and substance abuse of the 1960s, be the result of genetic changes in the previous generation induced by living through World War H--after which the generation that grew up in the 1960s was born? In the late Gabriel Garcia Marquez's masterpiece novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude, the 1982 Nobel Laureate's chronicle of the Buendla family across 7 generations is replete with dark and insalubrious events. The fictional family's story is considered a metaphor for the tumultuous evolution of Marquez's native Colombia, but that story is consistent with the concept of transgen-erational transmission of the biologic effects of stress, as each generation of the Buendia family manifests unusual, even pathological behaviors. One hundred years of alarm, panic, and anxiety Psychiatrists are keenly aware of the impact of stressful events on their patients' mood and behavior, and of the association of life-threatening events with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For persons who suffer the generalized anxiety of PTSD, further stressful life events can aggravate their condition and result in additional anxiety and solicitude. It is not surprising that anxiety has been documented as the most common psychiatric condition in the United States.' Consider the variety of perturbations that have induced alarm, panic, fear, and simmering anxiety on a global scale over the past 100 years--starting with World War I, exactly a century ago. continued War. The ruinous 4-year Great War was followed 20 years later by World War II, which caused tens of millions of casualties and the annihilation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the atomic bomb--escalating fear of nuclear warfare and radiation poisoning for decades to come. Add to that the Korean War, the Vietnam conflict, the First Gulf War, and the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. The war fatigue and mental exhaustion of the population are palpable. Economic upheaval. After the Stock Market Crash of 1929 came the Great Depression, the recessions of the 1970s and early 1980s, another stock market crash in 1987, and, most recently, the financial crisis of 2008. Millions saw their wealth wiped out and their livelihoods disrupted, exerting enormous life-changing stresses on countless families. Disasters. The sinking of the Titanic in 1912, the crash of the Hindenburg, the Three Mile Island nuclear accident, the meltdown of the Chernobyl and Fukushima Dafichi reactors, the space shuttle disasters, and the 9/11 terrorist attacks--all these trigger and perpetuate fear and worry about the one's own, and one's loved ones, abrupt and premature mortality. Epidemics. Millions died in the 1918 influenza pandemic, prompting widespread societal fears that re-intensified during subsequent epidemics: polio in the 1950s, swine flu in the 1970s, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in the 1990s, West Nile Virus, and avian influenza. …" @default.
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• W2992940730 date "2014-05-01" @default.
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• W2992940730 title "100 Years of Solicitude Do Global Traumatic Events Have a Transgenerational Effect" @default.
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