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• W2993003791 abstract "Abstract This study was conducted to examine the implications of male gender roles and sexuality for University girls' HIV/AIDS awareness. Information was elicited from 2399 randomly selected undergraduate students, from the nine faculties of the University of Lagos, Nigeria. Results indicate moderate levels of HIV/AIDS awareness and that of the hypothesis testing showed a no significant difference at p> 0.05, as a result of male gender roles. The paper draws the conclusion that the prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS was on the increase, and that University undergraduate girls are more vulnerable because of high risks of sexual behaviour for monetary gains. The paper also concludes that intervention strategies cannot be achieved without addressing the issue of male gender roles and sexuality in the spread of HIV/AIDS infection. Keywords: Nigeria, HIV/AIDS, male gender roles Introduction Male adolescents in particular have been a neglected category in terms of their psychosexual development (World Health Organisation, 1989). Males, more than females, are often under intense pressure to initiate sexual activity, even when they still lack adequate information on sexual matters (WHO, 1996, and Macphail and Campbell 2001). Gender norms and expectations about being male or female are learned at an early age through the influences of the family, peer groups, community, mass media, globalization, and among others. Norms for boys are usually built around power, control and independence, which embody such behaviours as not betraying emotions, risk taking, resolving conflict with violence, early sexual activity and having multiple sexual partners (Schueller, Finger and Barker 2005). Studies on adolescents have mainly focused on females, while the needs and perceptions of male adolescents are rarely into consideration. Campbell (1995) and Varga (2001) point out that the existing body of knowledge about male adolescents is often fragmented and hazy and the focus is quickly made to shift to the precarious situation of females. Male and female adolescents follow different sexual scripts and this is due to the fact that females are often socialized at an early age to defer to males, even in relationships (Meursing 1997). Gender inequality, bred by stereotypical cultural norms and expectations that are difficult to change, strongly influences heterosexual relationships in an unhealthy way (Sen, Germain and Chen, 1994). During adolescence, boys begin to establish patterns of sexual behaviour usually based on expected gender roles. In some cultures, sexual experience is viewed as a rite of passage for boys. Social norms can reinforce the notion that controlling women is a sign of masculinity, contributing to acts of sexual violence and transactional sex (Finger, Thapa, Jepeobhoy et al 2004). These behavioural patterns have direct implications for risk of pregnancy and the contraction of HIV infection. It is pertinent to put into perspective the sexual behaviour of male and female adolescents since it is central to the awareness of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Arowojolu (2002) in his study among Nigerian undergraduates on human sexuality, contraceptive choice and AIDS awareness discovered that female undergraduates were more likely than the males to have relationships with older partners. He discovered that the age range of these females was between 16-25 years, with 60% of them having two or more current partners. Some of the reasons given by the females for such indulgence were monetary gains and understanding by older partners. Akinsete (2002) commenting on HIV/AIDS awareness in tertiary institutions, states that successfully proven approaches to HIV prevention have been identified. He recognized that community mobilization is the core strategy on which success against HIV has to be built. He lamented that Nigerian Universities have done nothing in this regard, but that in Botswana and Zimbabwe, they have taken the bull by the horn actively engaging the campus community. …" @default.
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• W2993003791 date "2007-05-01" @default.
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• W2993003791 title "Male Gender Roles and Sexuality: Implications for University Girls' HIV/AIDS Awareness in a Nigerian University" @default.
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