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- W2993429149 abstract "Ecological speciation, where adaptation to novel ecological niches results in the formation of new species, requires divergent selection and a form reproductive isolation that keep diverged populations separate. To avoid that sexual recombination breaks up favourable associations between ecological traits and reproductive isolation, coupling of these traits is required, either through pleiotropy or correlational selection on combinations of characters. How a niche shift, and the resulting correlational selection on genetically unlinked characters involved in niche adaptation arising from the shift, affects phenotypic and genetic variation remains a challenge to speciation researchers. Phytophagous insect specialists are excellent model organisms to study this process, as a host shift may lead to stable host races that differ in a suite of traits as a result of host-specific adaptation. Gene flow between host races may counteract adaptation and speciation. Should the host ranges expand into secondary sympatry, maladaptive hybridization may occur, and could result in reinforcement and character displacement. Here, I investigate i) how a host niche shift affects trait correlations and evolvability, and ii) whether different host races undergo character displacement in secondary sympatry in the peacock fly, Tephritis conura. Recently, a subset of T. conura underwent a host shift from the melancholy thistle, Cirsium heterophyllum, to the cabbage thistle, C. oleraceum. Cirsium oleraceum is expanding northwards into C. heterophyllum ranges. I investigated if evolvability was higher in the ancestral host race, as expected if correlational selection depleted variation, but found no evidence for this hypothesis. Interestingly, evolvability was similar between host races, but slightly higher in the ancestral C. heterophyllum host race. Potentially, the niche shift is too old or levels of gene flow between host races too high for evolvability to be reduced in the derived C. oleraceum host race. Overall, the morphological divergence between the host races was very low albeit significant, with only a few traits, including the female ovipositor, being consistently divergent between host races. While co-existence with the other host race significantly affected patterns of host race divergence with increased divergence in sympatry, these patterns were not consistent across traits or independent replicates on each side of the Baltic Sea. I did, however, find an intriguing and consistent pattern of shorter wing length in sympatry, potentially linked to selection against dispersal that could lead to encounters with the other host race. This could reflect that host plant preference, rather than morphological traits, is key for reducing gene flow as mating takes place on the host plants. (Less)" @default.
- W2993429149 created "2019-12-13" @default.
- W2993429149 creator A5046240878 @default.
- W2993429149 date "2019-01-01" @default.
- W2993429149 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2993429149 title "Consequences of a host shift on evolvability and population divergence in sympatry in Tephritis conura" @default.
- W2993429149 hasPublicationYear "2019" @default.
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