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• W2994410010 abstract "INTRODUCTION There is little written on significance of nonprofit (non-governmental) organizations and their impact on economy. Newman and Wallender (1978) suggest that range of business possibilities and management processes in nonprofit sector are similar to for profits. Entrepreneurship is defined as the creation and management of new businesses and characteristics and problems of entrepreneurs (Gartner, Despite Gartner's identification of special problems, a study conducted by Miller and Simmons (1992) suggested that differences between founding and non-founding nonprofit executives are very comparable to differences found among profit oriented entrepreneurs and managers. The idea of as a risk-taking individual seeking a track to personal wealth does is not considered to be an integrative part of sector or nonprofit endeavors. Although idea of public entrepreneur may seem a contradiction in terms, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial activities in profit oriented and nonprofit sectors can and must possess similar characteristics to assure success (Ramamurti, 1986). Vesper (1990) identifies five factors dictating entrepreneurial needs in undertaking new ventures. These include technical knowledge of area of business; a concept or idea of an unmet need; resource availability, including start-up capital; personal contacts that will support new venture; and demand for product/service translating into orders. Vesper suggests that these factors will influence type of venture undertaken by (Vesper, 1990). Schollhammer and Kuriloff (1979) suggest that new venture start-up represents a rational step-by-step procedure by which systematically plans and enters market. Long and Ohtani (1986) provide a sequence of events that generally occur in creation of a new venture. This general process can be adapted more easily to a broad range of venture possibilities. Studies by a variety of researchers (Phillips & Kirchoff, 1989; Reynolds, 1986; Bruno, Leidecker, & Harder, 1986) indicate that success or failure among entrepreneurial business ventures is dependent, in part, on type of business chosen. Lawler (1963) and Stuart & Abetti (1988) indicate a high correlation between success and previous experience and/or education of entrepreneur. The question answered through this research is: To what extent do nonprofit entrepreneurs make use of formal business planning methods in development of nonprofit entrepreneurial ventures? This study will consider extent of formal business planning in light of nonprofit entrepreneurs background, education and experience. PROBLEM STATEMENT Although a number of significant studies have been undertaken to establish characteristics of entrepreneurs and processes utilized in development of profit making ventures, no significant studies have been identified to describe development of nonprofit enterprises. This study will provide new information and conclusions regarding formal planning activities of nonprofit in development of new nonprofit ventures. VARIABLES The dependent variable considered in this study is level and extent of formal business planning undertaken including whether formal business planning was undertaken and who conducted planning process. Independent variables include previous business experience, management background, level of education achieved and educational background (i.e., area of interest). HYPOTHESIS This research was expected to reveal differences in education and experience of entrepreneurs in nonprofit sector and effect of those differences on business planning. The hypothesis for study is stated below: The nonprofit entrepreneur's educational background and experience in business operations will influence extent of business planning undertaken prior to new venture start-up. …" @default.
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• W2994410010 title "The Use of Formal Business Planning by Nonprofit Entrepreneurs in the Development of the New Nonprofit Venture" @default.
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