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• W2994587203 abstract "Abstract Six African-American high school seniors were interviewed regarding their perceptions of factors that impact their school success. A qualitative analysis revealed that students perceived that six major factors influence success for African-American students. Based on frequencies of the categories mentioned, the issues were ranked in order of importance. The following issues were uncovered through the analysis of the students' responses and are listed in order of importance: 1) initiative; 2) self-image; 3) family; 4) teachers; 5) labeling/racism; and 6) participation in school programs. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. Ethnic minority status has been shown to place a student at risk for school failure (Pungello, Kupersmidt, Burchinal, & Patterson, 1996). There is substantial evidence that African-American students consistently score below Euro-American students on standardized test scores. Educators often overlook the impact of school as a social context on student behavior. Factors both within and outside of the school setting, as well as individual characteristics, impact students' capacity to succeed in school Through relationships generated both within and outside of school, students' attitudes toward learning are formulated. Research has shown that teachers often have lower expectations for minority students, and African-American students are aware of these low expectations (Murdock, 1999). Furthermore, perceived lowered expectations are reportedly related to lack of engagement in school (Murdock). Despite these biases and students' awareness of teachers' biases, many minority students flourish and succeed within a context that threatens the success of their peers. Protective factors that foster success have been identified in the literature. Protective factors are those influences that ... modify, ameliorate, or alter a person's response to some environmental hazard that predisposes to a maladaptive outcome (Rutter, 1985, p. 600). Cowen and Work (1988) identified three clusters of protective factors: (1) personal predispositions (positive disposition, autonomy, social responsiveness), (2) warm, supportive family environment, and (3) extrafamilial peer and adult support resources. Personal Characteristics Wolin and Wolin (1993) describe seven different resiliencies that help individuals surmount obstacles they face. Initiative refers to the person's ability to initiate action to alter their life course. Interpersonal relationships is another resiliency, and it reflects the individual's ability to establish close ties with people who have the capacity to foster their growth. Other resiliencies include independence, insight (knowing that one's life can improve and challenging the current conditions), creativity, morality, and humor. Thus, individuals who are able to persevere despite adversity possess some of the resiliencies described by the Wolins. Families Family relationships have been shown to foster school success. For instance, good parent-child relationships, a close bond with at least one caregiver who supports the child, parents who have higher expectations for their child's education, and having ample learning material in the home are all important factors (Garmezy, 1981; McMillan & Reed, 1994; Rosenfeld, Richman, & Bowen, 1998). Despite their lower success rates in school, many African-American families still value education. However, they often experience a sense of futility regarding the educational system their children attend (Wilson, Cooke, & Arrington, 1997). For example, McGinty (1999) found that successful students had parents who valued education despite their lack of involvement in the school system. Thus, we cannot assume that parents devalue education just because they are not actively involved in the school. Therefore, it is erroneous to blame the parents/families for the underachievement of African-American students. …" @default.
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• W2994587203 date "2002-03-22" @default.
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• W2994587203 title "African-American Students' Perceptions of School Success. (the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning)" @default.
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