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- W2994608251 abstract "The individuation of point-events and the Hamiltonian way of distinguishing gravitational from inertial effects in general relativity are discussed. The fact that both particle physics and all the approaches to gravity make use of variational principles employing singular Lagrangians [1] has the consequence that the EulerLagrange equations cannot be put in normal form, some of them may be non independent equations (due to the contracted Bianchi identities) and a subset of the original configuration variables, the gauge variables, are left completely undetermined. This leads to the necessity of a division of the initial configuration variables of any model in two groups: i) the arbitrary non determined gauge variables; ii) the gauge-invariant observables with a deterministic evolution. But this process is in conflict with locality, manifest Lorentz covariance, general covariance and, moreover, the configuration space manifestly covariant approach has no natural analytical tool to perform this separation. Another non trivial aspect of the need of the division between gauge variables and deterministic observables is the connection of the latter with measurable quantities. Since, at least at the classical level, the electro-magnetic measurable quantities are the local electric and magnetic fields, we can extrapolate that the non-local radiation gauge observables, i.e. the transverse vector gauge potential and the transverse electric field, are also measurable. But in the case of the non-Abelian Yang-Mills gauge theories for the strong and weak interactions the connection between gauge invariant observables and measurable quantities is still poorly understood. When we come to general relativity in Einstein formulation, these problems become both more complex and more basic. More complex because the Lie groups underlying the gauge" @default.
- W2994608251 created "2019-12-13" @default.
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- W2994608251 date "2003-02-21" @default.
- W2994608251 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2994608251 title "From Einstein's Hole Argument to Dirac and Bergmann Observables." @default.
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