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- W2997626579 abstract "The evolutionary assembly of the vertebrate bodyplan has been characterized as a long-term ecological trend toward increasingly active and predatory lifestyles, culminating in jawed vertebrates that dominate modern vertebrate biodiversity [1Mallatt J.O.N. Feeding ecology of the earliest vertebrates.Zool. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1984; 82: 261-272Crossref Scopus (26) Google Scholar, 2Denison R.H. Feeding mechanisms of Agnatha and early gnathostomes.Am. Zool. 1961; 1: 177-181Crossref Scopus (13) Google Scholar, 3Gans C. Northcutt R.G. Neural crest and the origin of vertebrates: a new head.Science. 1983; 220: 268-273Crossref PubMed Scopus (745) Google Scholar, 4Northcutt R.G. Gans C. The genesis of neural crest and epidermal placodes: a reinterpretation of vertebrate origins.Q. Rev. Biol. 1983; 58: 1-28Crossref PubMed Scopus (401) Google Scholar, 5Gans C. Stages in the origin of vertebrates: analysis by means of scenarios.Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 1989; 64: 221-268Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 6Mallatt J. Reconstructing the life cycle and the feeding of ancestral vertebrates.in: Foreman R.E. Gorbman A. Dodd J.M. Olsson R. Evolutionary Biology of Primitive Fishes. Plenum Press, 1985: 59-68Crossref Google Scholar, 7Mallatt J. Ventilation and the origin of jawed vertebrates: a new mouth.Zool. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1996; 117: 329-404Crossref Google Scholar, 8Mallatt J. Early vertebrate evolution: pharyngeal structure and the origin of gnathostomes.J. Zool. 1984; 204: 169-183Crossref Scopus (50) Google Scholar]. This contrast is no more stark than between the earliest jawed vertebrates and their immediate relatives, the extinct jawless, dermal armor-encased osteostracans, which have conventionally been interpreted as benthic mud-grubbers with poor swimming capabilities and low maneuverability [9Aleyev Y. Novitskaya L.I. Experimental study of hydrodynamic qualities of Devonian heterostracans.Paleontol. J. 1983; 1: 3-12Google Scholar, 10White E.I. Toombs H.A. The cephalaspids from the Dittonian section at Cwm Mill, near Abergavenny.Gwent. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Geol.). 1983; 37: 149-171Google Scholar, 11Belles-Isles M. La nage et l’hydrodynamique de deux Agnathes du Paléozoïque: Alaspis macrotuberculata et Pteraspis rostrata.Neues. Jahrb. Geol. P.-A. 1987; 175: 347-376Google Scholar, 12Mark-Kurik E. Functional aspects of the armour in the early vertebrates.in: Mark-Kurik E. Fossil Fishes as Living Animals. Academy of Sciences of Estonia, 1992: 107-115Google Scholar]. Using computational fluid dynamics, we show that osteostracan headshield morphology is compatible with a diversity of hydrodynamic efficiencies including passive control of water flow around the body; these could have increased versatility for adopting diverse locomotor strategies. Hydrodynamic performance varies with morphology, proximity to the substrate, and angle of attack (inclination). Morphotypes with dorsoventrally oblate headshields are hydrodynamically more efficient when swimming close to the substrate, whereas those with dorsoventrally more prolate headshields exhibit maximum hydrodynamic efficiency when swimming free from substrate effects. These results suggest different hydrofoil functions among osteostracan headshield morphologies, compatible with ecological diversification and undermining the traditional view that jawless stem-gnathostomes were ecologically constrained [9Aleyev Y. Novitskaya L.I. Experimental study of hydrodynamic qualities of Devonian heterostracans.Paleontol. J. 1983; 1: 3-12Google Scholar, 10White E.I. Toombs H.A. The cephalaspids from the Dittonian section at Cwm Mill, near Abergavenny.Gwent. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Geol.). 1983; 37: 149-171Google Scholar, 11Belles-Isles M. La nage et l’hydrodynamique de deux Agnathes du Paléozoïque: Alaspis macrotuberculata et Pteraspis rostrata.Neues. Jahrb. Geol. P.-A. 1987; 175: 347-376Google Scholar, 12Mark-Kurik E. Functional aspects of the armour in the early vertebrates.in: Mark-Kurik E. Fossil Fishes as Living Animals. Academy of Sciences of Estonia, 1992: 107-115Google Scholar] with the origin of jaws as the key innovation that precipitated the ecological diversification of the group [13Miles R.S. Features of placoderm diversification and the evolution of the arthrodire feeding mechanism.Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 1969; 68: 123-170Crossref Scopus (60) Google Scholar, 14Anderson P.S. Friedman M. Brazeau M.D. Rayfield E.J. Initial radiation of jaws demonstrated stability despite faunal and environmental change.Nature. 2011; 476: 206-209Crossref PubMed Scopus (83) Google Scholar]." @default.
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- W2997626579 title "Computational Fluid Dynamics Suggests Ecological Diversification among Stem-Gnathostomes" @default.
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