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- W3000375570 abstract "Hybridization is increasingly recognized as an important force impacting adaptation and evolution in many lineages of fungi. During hybridization, divergent genomes and alleles are brought together into the same cell, potentiating adaptation by increasing genomic plasticity. Here, we review hybridization in fungi by focusing on two fungal pathogens of animals. Hybridization is common between the basidiomycete yeast species Cryptococcusneoformans × Cryptococcusdeneoformans, and hybrid genotypes are frequently found in both environmental and clinical settings. The two species show 10-15% nucleotide divergence at the genome level, and their hybrids are highly heterozygous. Though largely sterile and unable to mate, these hybrids can propagate asexually and generate diverse genotypes by nondisjunction, aberrant meiosis, mitotic recombination, and gene conversion. Under stress conditions, the rate of such genetic changes can increase, leading to rapid adaptation. Conversely, in hybrids formed between lineages of the chytridiomycete frog pathogen Batrachochytriumdendrobatidis (Bd), the parental genotypes are considerably less diverged (0.2% divergent). Bd hybrids are formed from crosses between lineages that rarely undergo sex. A common theme in both species is that hybrids show genome plasticity via aneuploidy or loss of heterozygosity and leverage these mechanisms as a rapid way to generate genotypic/phenotypic diversity. Some hybrids show greater fitness and survival in both virulence and virulence-associated phenotypes than parental lineages under certain conditions. These studies showcase how experimentation in model species such as Cryptococcus can be a powerful tool in elucidating the genotypic and phenotypic consequences of hybridization." @default.
- W3000375570 created "2020-01-23" @default.
- W3000375570 creator A5031270828 @default.
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- W3000375570 creator A5068107262 @default.
- W3000375570 creator A5076697331 @default.
- W3000375570 creator A5079104043 @default.
- W3000375570 date "2020-01-16" @default.
- W3000375570 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W3000375570 title "Hybridization Facilitates Adaptive Evolution in Two Major Fungal Pathogens" @default.
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