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- W3001529757 abstract "Genome evolution in bacterial endosymbionts is notoriously extreme: the combined effects of strong genetic drift and unique selective pressures result in highly reduced genomes with distinctive adaptations to hosts [1Bennett G.M. Moran N.A. Small, smaller, smallest: the origins and evolution of ancient dual symbioses in a Phloem-feeding insect.Genome Biol. Evol. 2013; 5: 1675-1688Crossref PubMed Scopus (187) Google Scholar, 2Sassera D. Beninati T. Bandi C. Bouman E.A.P. Sacchi L. Fabbi M. Lo N. ‘Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii’, an endosymbiont of the tick Ixodes ricinus with a unique intramitochondrial lifestyle.Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2006; 56: 2535-2540Crossref PubMed Scopus (155) Google Scholar, 3Husnik F. McCutcheon J.P. Repeated replacement of an intrabacterial symbiont in the tripartite nested mealybug symbiosis.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2016; 113: E5416-E5424Crossref PubMed Scopus (133) Google Scholar, 4McCutcheon J.P. Moran N.A. Extreme genome reduction in symbiotic bacteria.Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2011; 10: 13-26Crossref PubMed Scopus (849) Google Scholar]. These processes are mostly known from animal endosymbionts, where nutritional endosymbioses represent the best-studied systems. However, eukaryotic microbes, or protists, also harbor diverse bacterial endosymbionts, but their genome reduction and functional relationships with their hosts are largely unexplored [5Ishida K. Sekizuka T. Hayashida K. Matsuo J. Takeuchi F. Kuroda M. Nakamura S. Yamazaki T. Yoshida M. Takahashi K. et al.Amoebal endosymbiont Neochlamydia genome sequence illuminates the bacterial role in the defense of the host amoebae against Legionella pneumophila.PLoS ONE. 2014; 9: e95166Crossref PubMed Scopus (32) Google Scholar, 6Nowack E.C.M. Melkonian M. Endosymbiotic associations within protists.Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2010; 365: 699-712Crossref PubMed Scopus (162) Google Scholar, 7Boscaro V. Husnik F. Vannini C. Keeling P.J. Symbionts of the ciliate Euplotes: diversity, patterns and potential as models for bacteria-eukaryote endosymbioses.Proc. Biol. Sci. 2019; 286: 20190693Crossref PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar]. We sequenced the genomes of four bacterial endosymbionts from three species of diplonemids, poorly studied but abundant and diverse heterotrophic protists [8Flegontova O. Flegontov P. Malviya S. Audic S. Wincker P. de Vargas C. Bowler C. Lukeš J. Horák A. Extreme diversity of diplonemid eukaryotes in the ocean.Curr. Biol. 2016; 26: 3060-3065Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (76) Google Scholar, 9Gawryluk R.M.R. Del Campo J. Okamoto N. Strassert J.F.H. Lukeš J. Richards T.A. Worden A.Z. Santoro A.E. Keeling P.J. Morphological identification and single-cell genomics of marine diplonemids.Curr. Biol. 2016; 26: 3053-3059Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (65) Google Scholar, 10Lukeš J. Flegontova O. Horák A. Diplonemids.Curr. Biol. 2015; 25: R702-R704Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (35) Google Scholar, 11Tashyreva D. Prokopchuk G. Votýpka J. Yabuki A. Horák A. Lukeš J. Life cycle, ultrastructure, and phylogeny of new diplonemids and their endosymbiotic bacteria.mBio. 2018; 9 (e02447–e17)Crossref PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar, 12Prokopchuk G. Tashyreva D. Yabuki A. Horák A. Masařová P. Lukeš J. Morphological, ultrastructural, motility and evolutionary characterization of two new Hemistasiidae species.Protist. 2019; 170: 259-282Crossref PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar]. The endosymbionts come from two bacterial families, Rickettsiaceae and Holosporaceae, that have invaded two families of diplonemids, and their genomes have converged on an extremely small size (605–632 kilobase pairs [kbp]), similar gene content (e.g., metabolite transporters and secretion systems), and reduced metabolic potential (e.g., loss of energy metabolism). These characteristics are generally found in both families, but the diplonemid endosymbionts have evolved greater extremes in parallel. They possess modified type VI secretion systems that could function in manipulating host metabolism or other intracellular interactions. Finally, modified cellular machinery like the ATP synthase without oxidative phosphorylation, and the reduced flagellar apparatus present in some diplonemid endosymbionts and nutritional animal endosymbionts, indicates that intracellular mechanisms have converged in bacterial endosymbionts with various functions and from different eukaryotic hosts across the tree of life." @default.
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- W3001529757 date "2020-03-01" @default.
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- W3001529757 title "Highly Reduced Genomes of Protist Endosymbionts Show Evolutionary Convergence" @default.
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