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• W300399619 abstract "IT IS BY NOW widely acknowledged that the Asia-Pacific region is poised to become the new center of gravity in international politics in the twenty-first century. This transformation is truly momentous. For most of the modern era, the continent has subsisted mainly as an arena for Western exploitation and dominance -- as the object rather than as the subject of power. Not only Asia's political order, but oftentimes even the region's eidetic image of itself has been a product of the acts and beliefs of others. Clearly, this was not always the case. Prior to modernity -- which for practical purposes might be dated to 1492 -- and right through its early stages, the Asian continent hosted perhaps the most important concentrations of political power since the fall of Rome. These centers of power -- the Ming dynasty in China, the Mughal empire in India, and the Persian Empire in the Near East -- nonetheless failed to survive military contacts with the new rising states of Europe (and, later, the Americas). This failure, whose reasons are still debated in the scholarly literature, resulted in the demise of Asia as an autonomous international agent, a situation which more or less persisted until the end of World War II. In the second half of the twentieth century, however, Asian economic power dramatically resurged, and with it the gradual emergence of significant Asian power centers in international politics. These new powers, like Japan, China, and India, have acquired large conventional military capabilities and, in the latter two cases, weapons of mass destruction (WMD) as well. In addition, several other Asian countries -- Pakistan, North Korea, Israel, Iran, Iraq, and Syria -- either possess different kinds of weapons of mass destruction or are proceeding to acquire them. Their successes and failures will influence a second and perhaps more consequential wave of proliferation over time as countries that have currently forgone WMD, like Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, and Australia, are forced to revisit their current policy choices. By now, the likelihood of the further spread of these has become a matter of great concern. What makes this concern more acute is that the growing attractiveness of weapons of mass destruction in Asia has materialized amidst continuing regional suspicions and animosities, varying degrees of distrust of the United States, and gradual changes in the regional balance of power. All these issues provide a rich backdrop for an interesting recent book by Paul Bracken, Fire in the East: The Rise of Asian Military Power and the Second Nuclear Age (HarperCollins, 1999), which seeks to describe the problem of WMD proliferation in Asia and its consequences for the United States. Bracken's message is clear and succinct: The second nuclear age will in all probability turn out to be riskier than the first. While the United States is by no means weaker than it was in the first epoch, the growth of Asian military power, symbolized primarily (but not entirely) by the marriage of nuclear weapons and long-range ballistic missiles, implies that the U.S. homeland and its bases abroad will be increasingly subjected to new kinds of threats. These threats will inevitably weaken American hegemony and circumscribe its freedom of action, first in Asia and perhaps, later on, over the globe. While such a conclusion flows seamlessly from the evidence mustered by Bracken about the increasing Asian investments in disruptive technologies like ballistic and cruise missiles and nuclear, biological, and chemical weaponry, his point goes further still. The West in general, Bracken argues -- and the United States in particular -- risks missing the real consequences of the second nuclear age: not only that the old barriers of time, distance, and terrain have lost their meaning in the face of WMD-tipped missilery, but also that the technological superiority the U.S. relies upon to sustain its regional hegemony has also been neutered as a result of such capabilities in the hands of many potential foes. …" @default.
• W300399619 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W300399619 date "2000-04-01" @default.
• W300399619 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W300399619 title "Smoke, Fire, and What to Do in Asia" @default.
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