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- W3005087604 abstract "At the Campeche Knolls in the southern Gulf of Mexico large-scale hydrocarbon emissions are associated with numerous salt tectonic structures. A notable feature of this area is the expulsion of highly viscous heavy oils, also referred to as asphalts, which form lava-like flows on the seafloor. These oil and asphalt seeps have been detected via satellite imaging of oil slicks at the ocean surface and by acoustically-detected gas emission sites in the water column. Here, we describe the type locality ‘Chapopote’ (Aztec word for tar) where the expelled hydrocarbons provide an energy source for microorganisms and subsequently the deep-sea fauna. In deeper asphalt layers and sediment, 16S rRNA gene sequences of archaea affiliated with Methanosaeta and bacteria of the Syntrophaceae were detected. Together with the observed light methane isotope values this indicates biogenic methanogenesis from aliphatic hydrocarbons at these depths. In shallow oil-soaked sediments gene sequences of hydrocarbon-degrading sulfate-reducing Deltaproteobacteria were found. These sediments showed high sulfate reduction but only minor methane oxidation rates. Asphalts and oil-soaked sediments freshly exposed to the surface were densely covered by microbial mats, signaling high metabolic activity. The surface microbial communities were dominated by diverse Gammaproteobacteria that likely oxidized hydrocarbons and reduced sulfur compounds. Surface asphalts were colonized by tube worms, mussels and sponges that host bacterial symbionts. In addition, grazing invertebrates such as sea cucumbers, shrimps, and crabs evidently fed on the microbial mats. This close link between the microbial and macro-benthic life demonstrates an efficient energy transfer to higher trophic levels from microbial hydrocarbon oxidation at the base of this unique asphalt-hosted ecosystem." @default.
- W3005087604 created "2020-02-14" @default.
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- W3005087604 date "2020-01-01" @default.
- W3005087604 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W3005087604 title "Benthic Deep-Sea Life Associated with Asphaltic Hydrocarbon Emissions in the Southern Gulf of Mexico" @default.
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- W3005087604 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34827-4_5" @default.
- W3005087604 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.
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