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- W3005456421 abstract "Larvaceans are chordates with a tadpole-like morphology. In contrast to most chordates of which early embryonic morphology is bilaterally symmetric and the left-right (L-R) axis is specified by the Nodal pathway later on, invariant L-R asymmetry emerges in four-cell embryos of larvaceans. The asymmetric cell arrangements exist through development of the tailbud. The tail thus twists 90° in a counterclockwise direction relative to the trunk, and the tail nerve cord localizes on the left side. Here, we demonstrate that larvacean embryos have nonconventional L-R asymmetries: 1) L- and R-cells of the two-cell embryo had remarkably asymmetric cell fates; 2) Ca2+ oscillation occurred through embryogenesis; 3) Nodal, an evolutionarily conserved left-determining gene, was absent in the genome; and 4) bone morphogenetic protein gene (Bmp) homolog Bmp.a showed right-sided expression in the tailbud and larvae. We also showed that Ca2+ oscillation is required for Bmp.a expression, and that BMP signaling suppresses ectopic expression of neural genes. These results indicate that there is a chordate species lacking Nodal that utilizes Ca2+ oscillation and Bmp.a for embryonic L-R patterning. The right-side Bmp.a expression may have arisen via cooption of conventional BMP signaling in order to restrict neural gene expression on the left side." @default.
- W3005456421 created "2020-02-14" @default.
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- W3005456421 date "2020-02-06" @default.
- W3005456421 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
- W3005456421 title "A chordate species lacking <i>Nodal</i> utilizes calcium oscillation and <i>Bmp</i> for left–right patterning" @default.
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- W3005456421 doi "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916858117" @default.
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