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- W3012308113 abstract "Immunological memory provides long-term protection against pathogen re-infection and is the foundation for successful vaccination. We have previously shown an antigen-specific recall response in nurse sharks almost one year after primary exposure. Herein, we extend the time between prime and successful recall to >8 years, the longest period for which immunological memory has been shown in any non-mammalian vertebrate. We confirm that antigen binding is mediated by monomeric IgM and IgNAR, but not pentameric IgM, in both the primary and recall phases. Our inability to find target-binding clones in recombinant VNAR expression libraries suggests that, at least in this instance, antigen-specific memory cells comprise a small fraction of the IgNAR-positive B cells in epigonal and spleen. Further, that the few memory cells present can generate a robust antigen-specific IgNAR titer following re-stimulation. Our results continue to challenge the long-held, but erroneous, belief that the shark adaptive immune system is ‘primitive’ when compared to that of mammals." @default.
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- W3012308113 date "2020-07-01" @default.
- W3012308113 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W3012308113 title "Proof of long-term immunological memory in cartilaginous fishes" @default.
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- W3012308113 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2020.103674" @default.
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