FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W3015486538> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W3015486538 abstract "One of the biggest challenges facing the world today is how we feed an everincreasing population while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that arecontributing to global warming. Unquestionably, the livestock sector represents asignificant source of emissions, generating carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) andnitrous oxide (N2O). In 1988, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established toprepare a comprehensive review and recommendations concerning to the state of thescience of climate change, the social and economic impact of climate change, andpossible response strategies and elements for inclusion in a possible futureinternational convention on climate. The first assessment report of the IPCC servedas the basis for negotiating the United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange (UNFCCC). Via the IPCC, a series of algorithms and emission factors (EFs)were developed to calculate GHG emissions that conform to the UNFCCC, thusallowing individual countries to calculate their GHG emissions. The Australian Federal Government began accounting and reporting the nation’sGHG emissions in 1990 according to the UNFCCC rules. Currently, agriculture isresponsible for 13% of Australia’s GHG emissions and is the primary source of CH4and N2O emissions. The national accounting of GHG emissions adopts a large-scaleapproach. As such, it does not estimate individual farm GHG emission profiles, noridentify potential mitigation strategies to reduce total farm emissions. The purpose of this thesis was to determine the GHG emissions of Australian dairyfarms using the Australian GHG methodology and examine potential mitigationoptions to reduce on-farm GHG emissions attributed to milk production. To ascertainGHG emissions, a localised focus within one region was explored, where the milkingherd grazed pastures year-round with supplementary feeding occurring either in thedairy parlour or grazed paddocks. Sixty dairy farms in Tasmania were examined,with their total GHG emissions varying between 704 and 5,839 t CO2 equivalents(CO2e)/annum. A metric of emissions intensity (EI) of milk production, defined askg CO2e/kg fat and protein-corrected milk (FPCM), was calculated to allowcomparison between farms. The mean EI was 1.04 kg CO2e/kg FPCM, withindividual farms varying between 0.83 and 1.39 kg CO2e/kg FPCM. Linear regression analysis showed that 93% of the difference in total farm GHG emissionscould be explained by annual milk production. The study also found that 60% of thedifference in the EI of milk production between farms was explained by differencesin feed conversion efficiency (FCE; kg FPCM/kg dry matter intake (DMI)) andnitrogen (N) fertiliser application rates (kg N/ha.annum). This on-farm evaluation at a local level (Tasmania) was expanded nationally to 41Australian dairy farms. Farms varied between grazing pastures with supplementaryfeed delivered in the dairy parlour and paddocks through to farms where, in additionto grazing and supplements delivered in the dairy, cows spent a proportion of theirtime off paddock consuming partial mixed rations. Individual farm total GHGemissions varied between 411 and 9,416 t CO2e/annum. The Australia-wide meanwas estimated as 1.04 kg CO2e/kg FPCM, with individual farms varying between0.76 and 1.68 kg CO2e/kg FPCM. Linear regression analysis showed that 95% of thedifference in total farm GHG emissions was explained by annual milk production.Milk production per cow (kg FPCM/cow.lactation) explained 70% of the differencein EI between farms. Farms were grouped according to their farming system (FS),indicative of the level of grain feeding and supplementary feeding management. Themean EI of milk production for FS1 farms (refers to grain feeding of < 1 t dry matter(DM)/cow.lactation) was 1.23 kg CO2e/kg FPCM. This was significantly (P < 0.05)greater than the mean EI for FS2 and FS3 farms, at 0.98 and 0.97 kg CO2e/kg FPCM,respectively. FS2 farms refers to grain feeding of > 1 t DM/cow.lactation withsupplementary forage fed in the paddock while FS3 farms refers to grain feeding of >1 t DM/cow.lactation and the incorporation of supplementary feeding into a partialmixed ration delivered on a feedpad. The Australian inventory methodology for calculating GHG emissions is anestimation method based on current science. As new science pertaining to GHGemissions emerges, the inventory is updated, with the most recent occurring in 2015.An assessment was undertaken to ascertain the consequence of the updatedmethodology on the EI of milk production utilising the same 41 Australian dairyfarm case studies. Mean EI increased by 3% to 1.07 kg CO2e/kg FPCM (rangedbetween 0.84 and 1.54 kg CO2e/kg FPCM). Annual milk production remained astrong determinant, with 96% of total farm GHG emissions explained by this. AConcordance Correlation Coefficient analysis was undertaken to estimate the extent of agreement between the two methodologies. There was moderate agreementbetween methodologies for estimating individual farm EI of milk production.However, primarily due to a regional variation in an emission factor (EF) for manuremanagement, there was poor agreement between methodologies for estimatingregional EIs. This study reaffirmed that while enteric CH4 emissions remains thelargest component of on-farm GHG emissions, waste CH4 emissions has emerged asa more substantial source of on-farm GHG emissions. The need to identify mitigation options that are considered ‘win:win’ options inreducing the on-farm GHG emissions while maintaining or improving productivityand/or profitability are critical to meeting the need to reduce ruminant livestockGHG emissions. In addition, win:win strategies may be more readily implemented byfarmers, as opposed to mitigation strategies that erode productivity or profitability, inthe pursuit of reducing GHG emissions. This thesis explored the GHG emissionsreduction potential of two mitigation options applicable for Australian dairy farms; (i) evaluating dietary and breeding approaches for improving animal N useefficiency (NUE); (ii) improving feed quality to increase liveweight gain (LWG) promoting earliermating of dairy heifers. Reducing the overall diet N concentration was found to be a more effective means toimproving NUE and reduce N2O losses than increasing the concentration of N inmilk of lactating cows when modelled across three climatic regions. Nitrous oxideemissions were reduced by 50 to 57% when the supplementary feed was reducedfrom 4% to 1% N (total diet N concentration of 4.1 and 2.5%, respectively). Incontrast, when the N concentration of milk was increased from 0.50 to 0.65%,reflecting 3.1% and 4.1% milk protein, N2O emissions were only reduced by 7 to11%. This was an important finding, highlighting that reducing the source of Nintake in the diet resulted in a more significant reduction in emissions compared toincreasing the sink of N into milk. In addition, manipulation of dietary N would be amuch easier mitigation option to implement than manipulation of N concentration inmilk through breeding. This is a currently available mitigation option for allAustralian dairy farmers to consider implementing, especially for those farmscurrently feeding a high protein diet." @default.
• W3015486538 created "2020-04-17" @default.
• W3015486538 creator A5072527364 @default.
• W3015486538 date "2019-01-01" @default.
• W3015486538 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3015486538 title "Greenhouse gas emissions and potential mitigation options for the Australian dairy industry" @default.
• W3015486538 hasPublicationYear "2019" @default.
• W3015486538 type Work @default.
• W3015486538 sameAs 3015486538 @default.
• W3015486538 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W3015486538 crossrefType "dissertation" @default.
• W3015486538 hasAuthorship W3015486538A5072527364 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConcept C175605778 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConcept C185592680 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConcept C18903297 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConcept C2983492250 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConcept C31903555 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConcept C39432304 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConcept C47737302 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConcept C86803240 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConceptScore W3015486538C162324750 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConceptScore W3015486538C175605778 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConceptScore W3015486538C185592680 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConceptScore W3015486538C18903297 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConceptScore W3015486538C2983492250 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConceptScore W3015486538C31903555 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConceptScore W3015486538C39432304 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConceptScore W3015486538C47737302 @default.
• W3015486538 hasConceptScore W3015486538C86803240 @default.
• W3015486538 hasLocation W30154865381 @default.
• W3015486538 hasOpenAccess W3015486538 @default.
• W3015486538 hasPrimaryLocation W30154865381 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W1516228871 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W1518793887 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W1972432483 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W1990367798 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W1998337479 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W2015320635 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W2023712595 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W2026341806 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W202788972 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W2032807093 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W2086763541 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W2099850850 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W2153481920 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W2208199320 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W2293595388 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W2767436091 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W2887780648 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W3176055368 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W3209604449 @default.
• W3015486538 hasRelatedWork W2566327174 @default.
• W3015486538 isParatext "false" @default.
• W3015486538 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W3015486538 magId "3015486538" @default.
• W3015486538 workType "dissertation" @default.