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- W3015586000 abstract "Grazing ruminants have the highest levels of trans-fatty acids in their milk fat with up to 7 g/100 g total fatty acids. In the two major fatty acid groups with trans double bonds, vaccenic acid is the dominant representative of the monoenic acids (about 65% of them) and among the conjugated linoleic acids the cis9,trans11 isomer is the major contributor (approximately 85% of them). To achieve high milk yields, dairy cows are additionally fed with high-energy diets containing ingredients such as cereals and oils/fats. This causes a disturbance of the microbial ecoflora and the proportion of other trans-fatty acids increases to the detriment of the vaccenic acid. In vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that vaccenic acid, the main trans-fatty acid of milk fat, is associated with a reduction of risk of metabolic syndrome in humans. Similar effects have been postulated for trans9 palmitoleic acid. Current analyses revealed that intake of industrial trans-fatty acids, but not ruminant-derived trans-fatty acids, is positively associated with coronary heart disease mortality and coronary heart diseases. Thus, reduced consumption of industrial trans-fatty acids is essential to lower coronary heart disease risk. It could be argued that the lack of effect of ruminant-derived trans-fatty acids on cardiovascular disease risk may be the result of habitual low intakes. In line with previous reports, trans9 palmitoleic acid as a marker for the intake of ruminant fat or dairy products is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the interpretation of results from controlled trials investigating the effects of industrial vs. ruminant-derived trans-fatty acids is complex and will need further detailed studies to resolve. In particular, the entire fatty acid composition of the intervention products, the intake of dietary fatty acids and of other nutrients are needed together with details on the background diets as all these may influence the results and their interpretation. Overall, meta-analyses confirm either favourable or neutral associations between dairy consumption and cardiometabolic diseases." @default.
- W3015586000 created "2020-04-17" @default.
- W3015586000 creator A5059070430 @default.
- W3015586000 creator A5065185797 @default.
- W3015586000 date "2020-01-01" @default.
- W3015586000 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W3015586000 title "Trans and conjugated fatty acids in dairy products: Cause for concern?" @default.
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- W3015586000 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815603-2.00004-8" @default.
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