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• W3017073028 endingPage "21836" @default.
• W3017073028 startingPage "21827" @default.
• W3017073028 abstract "Progress in integrated nanophotonics has enabled large-scale programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for general-purpose electronic-photonic systems on a chip. Relying on the weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic effects, such systems usually exhibit limited reconfigurability along with high energy consumption and large footprints. These challenges can be addressed by resorting to chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) such as Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) that provide substantial optical contrast in a self-holding fashion upon phase transitions. However, current PCM-based integrated photonic applications are limited to single devices or simple PICs due to the poor scalability of the optical or electrical self-heating actuation approaches. Thermal-conduction heating via external electrical heaters, instead, allows large-scale integration and large-area switching, but fast and energy-efficient electrical control is yet to show. Here, we model electrical switching of GST-clad integrated nanophotonic structures with graphene heaters based on the programmable GST-on-silicon platform. Thanks to the ultra-low heat capacity and high in-plane thermal conductivity of graphene, the proposed structures exhibit a high switching speed of ~80 MHz and high energy efficiency of 19.2 aJ/nm^3 (6.6 aJ/nm^3) for crystallization (amorphization) while achieving complete phase transitions to ensure strong attenuation (~6.46 dB/micron) and optical phase (~0.28 dB/micron at 1550 nm) modulation. Compared with indium tin oxide and silicon p-i-n heaters, the structures with graphene heaters display two orders of magnitude higher figure of merits for heating and overall performance. Our work facilitates the analysis and understanding of the thermal-conduction heating-enabled phase transitions on PICs and supports the development of the future large-scale PCM-based electronic-photonic systems." @default.
• W3017073028 created "2020-04-24" @default.
• W3017073028 creator A5007533574 @default.
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• W3017073028 date "2020-04-16" @default.
• W3017073028 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W3017073028 title "Modeling Electrical Switching of Nonvolatile Phase-Change Integrated Nanophotonic Structures with Graphene Heaters" @default.
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• W3017073028 doi "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c02333" @default.
• W3017073028 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32297737" @default.
• W3017073028 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.
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