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• W3017333029 abstract "Advancing cancer research needs to adapt nonlinear dynamic systems (NDS) approach in addition to the linear dynamic systems (LDS). Dynamic changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker of prostate cancer showed NDS character but this character has not been examined in literature. In this study, we examine PSA guided by a NDS paradigm. Participants were urology patients diagnosed with either prostate cancer (n = 27) or benign prostate disorder (n = 352) from a tertiary hospital in northcentral Florida. Data were derived from the 2001 to 2015 electronic medical records (EMR). PSA levels (ng/mL) were analyzed with cusp catastrophe mode in which participants’ age at the PSA level was used as the asymmetry variable, and testosterone levels (ng/dL) as the bifurcation variable. Modeling analyses were executed in the open source R software. LDS-based linear correlation and regression analyses were also conducted as a comparison purpose. The mean age of the participants was 66.1 (SD = 9.8) years old; the PSA range was 0.05–13.8 with mean = 1.7 (SD = 1.2) ng/mL; and the total-testosterone range was 27.00–1297.00 with mean = 318.0(SD = 191.6) ng/dL. Results from Chen-Chen cusp regression indicate better data-model fit for cusp (R2 = 0.47) than for linear regression (R2 = 0.027). Serum PSA was significantly associated with age (a1 = 0.2691, p < .001) and bifurcated by blood testosterone (b1 = 1.0265, p < .00) with the estimated cusp point = (age = 63, testosterone = 630 ng/mL). The estimated cusp point was close to the epidemiology data that the risk of prostate cancer started to accelerate at about ages 60–65 years; and testosterone level of 630 ng/mL, closer to the up-limit 800 ng/dL of normal range (280–800) by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE). In conclusion, this is the first study that examined the dynamics of PSA in men and demonstrated that serum PSA level follow the NDS. In addition to confirming the relationship between age, testosterone and PSA, findings of this analysis provide a reasonable explanation of the large PSA-range in healthy men and the small difference in mean PSA between healthy men and men with prostate cancer (1.2 vs. 2.6). There is a need to re-evaluate the role of PSA for prostate cancer screening guided by NDS paradigm." @default.
• W3017333029 created "2020-04-24" @default.
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• W3017333029 date "2020-01-01" @default.
• W3017333029 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W3017333029 title "Cusp Catastrophe Regression Analysis of Testosterone in Bifurcating the Age-Related Changes in PSA, a Biomarker for Prostate Cancer" @default.
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• W3017333029 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35260-8_15" @default.
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