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- W3021364013 abstract "Microbial communities in extreme environments are adapted to stress, and there is much speculation that such environments harbor unique microorganisms with activities that are not only of scientific interest but also have commercial potential. This chapter discusses the unique microbial communities that develop in different extreme environments such as low and high temperature environments, an arid and high UV stress environment, an environment based on chemoautotrophy, and a low pH environment. The cold-adapted microorganisms synthesize enzymes—such as α-amylase, cellulase, and protease—that can operate efficiently at low temperatures, making them suitable for biotechnological applications. The thermophilic microorganisms adapt to survive at temperatures that would normally denature proteins, cell membranes, and even genetic material. The enzymes isolated from thermophilic microorganisms offer numerous biotechnological applications, most important example is thermostable DNA polymerase used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Chemoautotrophic environments include areas such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents, which contain chemoautotrophic community of microorganisms including sulfur-oxidizing or methanotrophic bacteria that sustains the entire heterotrophic component of the vent community. Acidic environments are another extreme environment that usually contains mineral deposits. Despite extremes of acidity, heat, and high concentrations of sulfate and toxic metals, a range of specialized microorganisms populate these environments." @default.
- W3021364013 created "2020-05-13" @default.
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- W3021364013 date "2009-01-01" @default.
- W3021364013 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W3021364013 title "Extreme Environments" @default.
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- W3021364013 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-370519-8.00007-9" @default.
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