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• W3021777377 abstract "AIDS is becoming a disease of poverty and more particularly of women. There is an urgent need to develop modalities of HIV prevention that can be used by women with or without partner consent. Microbicides are an important prevention technology in a state of rapid evolution. Microbicides are products (formulated as gels, sponges, films or rings) that can be applied to the vaginal or rectal mucosa with the goal of preventing or significantly reducing the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. The first generation of microbicides included agents that were primarily detergents or surfactants, such as N-9, which damaged the viral envelope; products that enhanced vaginal defenses through mechanisms such as maintenance of vaginal acidity; or products that blocked the virus from attaching to cellular targets in the genital mucosa. Increasingly, the microbicide pipeline is linked to a growing understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-1 transmission and the identification of viral and cell receptor targets. A successful microbicide will have to address these challenges. In particular, it will have to outdistance the virus, outlast the virus, and prevent dissemination of infected cells from the local mucosa to the regional lymph nodes. While these challenges may seem insurmountable, they are compensated for, by the fact that HIV-1 infection is a relatively inefficient process and that the female genital tract is a relatively small anatomical area to protect. A fundamental difference between the development of microbicides for HIV prevention and the development of drugs for treating HIV infection is that in the former case trial participants are healthy HIV-uninfected individuals who are being evaluated, whereas in the latter case participants are HIV-infected individuals who may or may not have HIV-associated disease." @default.
• W3021777377 created "2020-05-13" @default.
• W3021777377 creator A5009903397 @default.
• W3021777377 date "2009-01-01" @default.
• W3021777377 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3021777377 title "Microbicides" @default.
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• W3021777377 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374235-3.00004-2" @default.
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