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• W3021880109 abstract "Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses two fundamentals of the ignition of vacuum arcs ; field emission and certain essential properties of vacuum arcs in general. The chapter also discusses limitations related to conditions under which a cathode spot can exist. In the discussion of field emission, the importance of microscopic protrusions, which serve to enhance greatly the electric field at the cathode surface is noted. High localized fields caused cold-surface electron emission. Although the level of total emission current is small, the microscopic size of the emission regions yield current densities of sufficient magnitude to cause Joule heating in the emission region. Ultimately causes rapid evaporation of cathode metal, ionization, and electrical breakdown. The rapid change of emission current density upon field is characterized by the Fowler-Nordheim equation. This equation is then express in modified form to give emission current in terms of applied voltage, a form that might be used in conjunction with experimental measurements to determine the field enhancing properties of dominant surface emitters. Other breakdown mechanisms for breakdown in vacuum involving particles are also considered. Conducting particles can move electrostatically across the gap to undergo impact at the opposing electrode, delivering their kinetic energy to that surface, possibly initiating breakdown. Indeed, experiments have suggested a correlation between the passage of particles across the gap and breakdown. It appears that irregular particles may lose negative charge by field emission and therefore be less likely to move from cathode to anode. Another conducting particle initiation mechanism may occur as a consequence of breakdown between a particle leaving the cathode and the cathode itself with a rapidly rising voltage waveform." @default.
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• W3021880109 date "1996-01-01" @default.
• W3021880109 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3021880109 title "Arc Ignition" @default.
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• W3021880109 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-081551375-9.50005-9" @default.
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