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• W3021934551 abstract "Previous research has supported a biopsychosocial model of chronic amputation-related pain, in which pain and psychosocial factors predict psychological functioning and adjustment. However, relatively few studies have examined acute pain after amputation, and none to our knowledge have examined relationships between pain and mood/affect in the early stages after amputation. To address these gaps, all eligible individuals consecutively admitted to a Level 1 Trauma Center in the Pacific Northwest with new onset of limb loss (LL) were invited to participate in interviews, which included measures of average pain intensity (API), depressive symptoms, anxiety, positive and negative affect, and global quality of life (QOL). Of 43 eligible patients, 88% agreed to participate. Participants were interviewed within one month after LL (median of 12.5 days after surgery). Of the 38 participants, 79% were male, with a mean age of 48 years, and 85% had undergone lower limb amputation. Average API was 5.17 on 0-10 NRS, with 37% of the sample reporting mild overall pain, 39% moderate, and 21% severe. Seventy-six percent reported phantom limb pain, and 55% residual limb pain. Although positive affect was significantly higher compared to negative affect (t= 5.14, p< .001), moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were reported by 43%, and moderate-to-severe anxiety was reported by 42%. Regarding the relationship between pain and mood/affect, greater API was significantly related to higher levels of depressive symptoms, negative affect, and anxiety (rs= 0.56, 0.35, 0.49, and ps< .001, .05, and .01, respectively), but API evidenced no significant relationships with positive affect or QOL. The strong relationship between pain and negative mood/affect in the early stages after amputation suggests that adequate pain control may impact psychological as well as physical functioning, and that mood and affect are important domains for post-surgical assessment and intervention. Previous research has supported a biopsychosocial model of chronic amputation-related pain, in which pain and psychosocial factors predict psychological functioning and adjustment. However, relatively few studies have examined acute pain after amputation, and none to our knowledge have examined relationships between pain and mood/affect in the early stages after amputation. To address these gaps, all eligible individuals consecutively admitted to a Level 1 Trauma Center in the Pacific Northwest with new onset of limb loss (LL) were invited to participate in interviews, which included measures of average pain intensity (API), depressive symptoms, anxiety, positive and negative affect, and global quality of life (QOL). Of 43 eligible patients, 88% agreed to participate. Participants were interviewed within one month after LL (median of 12.5 days after surgery). Of the 38 participants, 79% were male, with a mean age of 48 years, and 85% had undergone lower limb amputation. Average API was 5.17 on 0-10 NRS, with 37% of the sample reporting mild overall pain, 39% moderate, and 21% severe. Seventy-six percent reported phantom limb pain, and 55% residual limb pain. Although positive affect was significantly higher compared to negative affect (t= 5.14, p< .001), moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were reported by 43%, and moderate-to-severe anxiety was reported by 42%. Regarding the relationship between pain and mood/affect, greater API was significantly related to higher levels of depressive symptoms, negative affect, and anxiety (rs= 0.56, 0.35, 0.49, and ps< .001, .05, and .01, respectively), but API evidenced no significant relationships with positive affect or QOL. The strong relationship between pain and negative mood/affect in the early stages after amputation suggests that adequate pain control may impact psychological as well as physical functioning, and that mood and affect are important domains for post-surgical assessment and intervention." @default.
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• W3021934551 date "2006-04-01" @default.
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• W3021934551 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2006.01.322" @default.
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