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- W3023359509 abstract "Measurement of diet is difficult, given its wide variation based on geography, racial or ethnic group, culture, income, season, and age. The three common ways to measure diet are food diaries, 24-h dietary recall, and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). FFQs based on usual food consumption over weeks or months are the most common method used in epidemiologic studies. From the FFQ and a nutrient database, it is possible to determine the intake of specific nutrients. Studies of these nutrients suggest that high intakes of vitamins C and E, particularly together, may be beneficial in reducing risk for AD. Folate and vitamin B12 reduce the levels of homocysteine, an amino acid that can lead to vascular disease. Low levels of these vitamins have been associated with higher risks for developing AD. Low-serum levels of vitamin D have been found to be associated with increased risk for AD. Considerable data support a protective role for polyphenols, which are very potent antioxidants with anti-inflammatory properties. Common sources of polyphenols include fruit and vegetable juices, tea, red wine, curcumin, coffee, chocolates, olives, nuts, soybeans, and cereals. Soy, common in Asian diets, has beneficial effects on postmenopausal women, but reduces cognition in premenopausal women and promotes brain atrophy in men likely through its effect in reducing human estrogen. Consumption of fish (DHA and EPA) and n-3 fatty acids reduce risk of AD, while consumption of trans- or saturated fats increases this risk. Recent studies have focused on dietary patterns (DP), with positive results reported for the Mediterranean Diet as well as other related diets. Reverse causation is an important problem in studies of diet, because DP are likely to change before dementia is diagnosed." @default.
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- W3023359509 date "2016-01-01" @default.
- W3023359509 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W3023359509 title "Diet" @default.
- W3023359509 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-804538-1.00015-8" @default.
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