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• W3023519069 abstract "This chapter is dedicated to a promising, relatively new, distillation method using specific membranes. Membrane distillation (MD) is a nonisothermal membrane separation process, in which only water vapor molecules are transferred through a microporous hydrophobic membrane because of the partial pressure difference across the membrane that is created by the temperature difference between the two sides of the membrane. It is an attractive alternative technology for small to medium desalinated water supplies operating at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. The capability of utilizing solar thermal energy or waste heat from other processes makes MD an energy and cost-efficient and environmental friendly process.Initially in the chapter, a short historical introduction to the method is given and the specific terms involved in the MD process are explained. The operating principle of the process is described, as well as its basic configurations, its advantages and disadvantages, and its various applications. An interesting characteristic of the process is the simultaneous mass and heat transfer that occur. The basic relationships of mass and heat transport that govern each of the four different MD configurations are presented. An extensive description of membrane distillation and thermal solar energy is given based on current research and application.Apart from the description of the MD process itself, a comprehensive review of various types of membranes used in the MD process is presented. Membranes are the main tool in hybrid desalination technologies. Initially, an introduction to the membranes related to the MD process and their characteristic properties is given. Then, different types of membranes are analyzed as well as their structure, morphology, and modifications made in order to optimize their performance. Finally, the performance of MD membranes in various operating conditions for different configurations of the process is given." @default.
• W3023519069 created "2020-05-13" @default.
• W3023519069 creator A5023455141 @default.
• W3023519069 creator A5032046573 @default.
• W3023519069 creator A5045739686 @default.
• W3023519069 date "2016-01-01" @default.
• W3023519069 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3023519069 title "Membrane Distillation" @default.
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