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- W3023529053 abstract "Reactivity against targets of the endoplasmic reticulum designated liver kidney microsomal autoantibodies (LKM) was first detected by Rizzetto in 1973. Since then a considerable body of analyses has led to the subclassification of these autoantibodies into LKM1, LKM2, LKM3, liver microsomal (LM), as well as to the identification of liver cytosolic (LC-1) autoantibodies. Disease associations are remarkably heterogeneous and include the detection of LKM/LM autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis C and D, the genetically determined autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APECED), as well as drug reactions with anticonvulsants, dihydralazine and ticrynafen. Anti-microsomal reactivity converges on two groups of drug metabolizing enzymes resident in the membranes of the endoplasmatic reticulum: cytochrome P450s and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Present day diagnostic methods as well as the still incomplete understanding of the mechanisms involved in autoimmunity result from the analysis of recombinant target proteins and their epitope recognition patterns. In clinical practice the detection of LKM/LM immunofluorescence patterns requires the application of specific tests which can contribute to achieving a scientifically founded subclassification of autoantibodies and thereby their association with autoimmune disease or simple serological autoimmunity. LC-1 autoanbodies in contrast are reactive with cytosolic proteins of the liver. Initial screening by indirect immunofluorescence is not sensitive and therefore requires immunodiffusion analysis or the demonstration of reactivity with formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase. Microsomal autoantibodies provide one of the most interesting models to study autoimmunity since they span mechanisms of drug metabolism-induced immunology, virus-induced autoimmunity, mimicry and genetic predisposition, all converging on a focused array of target proteins." @default.
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- W3023529053 date "2007-01-01" @default.
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- W3023529053 title "LIVER CYTOSOL ANTIGEN TYPE 1 AUTOANTIBODIES, LIVER KIDNEY MICROSOMAL AUTOANTIBODIES, AND LIVER MICROSOMAL AUTOANTIBODIES" @default.
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- W3023529053 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452763-9/50062-7" @default.
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