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- W3023641948 abstract "Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses measurement of vacuum. The measurement of vacuum is the measurement of the range of pressures below atmospheric. Pressure is defined as the force divided by area. As pressure is defined to be force/area, its measurement involves directly or indirectly the measurement of the force exerted upon a known area. A gauge that does this is called an absolute gauge, and allows the pressure to be obtained from a reading and known physical quantities associated with the gauge, such as areas, lengths, sometimes temperatures, and elastic constants. The pressure when obtained is independent of the composition of the gas or vapor that is present. Many technological applications of vacuum use the long free paths or low molecular incidence rates that vacuum makes available. These require pressures that are only a very small fraction of atmospheric, where the force exerted by the gas is too small to be measured, making absolute gauges unusable. In such cases, nonabsolute gauges are used, which measure pressure indirectly by measuring a pressure-dependent physical property of the gas, such as thermal conductivity, ionizability, or viscosity. These gauges always require calibration against an absolute gauge, for each gas that is to be measured." @default.
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- W3023641948 title "Measurement of vacuum" @default.
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