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• W302382584 abstract "ABSTRACT. Generally, electrical power stations consume massive volume of water for cooling purposes. The cooling water is discharged to the water body carrying the waste heat with it; such thermal pollution has significant adverse physical as well as biological impacts. Abu Qir Bay is a semicircular inlet of the Mediterranean Sea, lying between Abu Qir Point (southwest) and the Rosetta Nile Branch promontory (northeast). The bay covers a total area of about 360 km2, the average depth of the bay is about 10 m with a maximum depth of about 16 m. Abu Qir power station that is located in the south eastern side of the bay (30° 8' 29 E 31° 16' 8 N) discharges large amount of high temperature cooling water leading to thermal pollution. Also, the load of pollution from the various inland human activities results in deterioration of the marine environment in Abu Qir Bay. The main objective of this paper is to detect thermal pollution in Abu Qir bay resulted from human activities through remotely sensed data. Such detection entails retrieving sea surface temperature in two subsequent points of time; before and after operation of large industrial firms such as Abu Qir Electrical power station and WEPCO Company.Keywords: environment, thermal pollution, human activity, GIS1. IntroductionEgypt has been experiencing increasing demand for electricity due to rising living standards and very low electricity prices. This trend is expected to continue in the future. In this respect, a future average annual growth in electricity demand of 6.35 % is expected. In order to meet such expected growth in demand, the government has carried out massive efforts to increase generation capacities. For instance, the government has finalized the follow-up five-year plan from 2012 - 2017 which aims at adding further 10 450 MW generation capacity (Energypedia, undated). Such an increase in generation capacity means combustion of more fossil fuels, which in addition to its implication on the environment, is considered unsustainable way to use such non-renewable resource.Generally, electrical power stations consume massive volume of water for cooling purposes. Coastal power station usually uses seawater for cooling purposes and thus releases water with high temperature into near shore environment (Choi et. al., 2002). In electrical power stations, which are based on fossil fuel; coal, oil, or gas, or in nuclear fuel, the energy is transformed into heat by burning. The heat then changes water into high pressure steam. As the steam turns the rotor into a turbine, the heat is transformed into mechanical energy. The turbine motor is connected with a generator where the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. After the steam passes through the turbine, it goes into a condenser, where cooling water circulates through tubing and cools the steam until it condenses into water. This water then can be returned to the boiler to begin the cycle all over again. Meanwhile, the cooling water is returned to the water body from where it came, carrying the waste heat with it (Caims, John Jr., 1971).This water with high temperature discharged into adjacent water bodies leading to thermal pollution, which has a wide range of biological and physical adverse impacts on the aquatic organisms. Biologically, heat resulted from thermal pollution can lead to death of aquatic organisms through direct effects of heat. Indirectly, such a heat may lead to death of aquatic organisms through reduced oxygen, disruption of food supply, and decreased resistance to toxic substances. Moreover, thermal pollution and resulted heat may lead to internal functional aberrations of aquatic organisms, which are represented in changes in respiration and growth. Also, heat may interfere with spawning of the aquatic organisms (Caims, John Jr., 1971).Physically, thermal pollution leading to local variations (gradient) in surface water temperature may contribute to generate thermosteric changes in sea level, which, in turn create local currents. …" @default.
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• W302382584 date "2013-07-01" @default.
• W302382584 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W302382584 title "Detecting Thermal Pollution of near Shore Environment Resulted from Human Activities Using Remotely Sensed Data. Case Study: Abu Qir Bay, Egypt" @default.
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