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- W3023928735 abstract "The study of precipitation was closely linked to the birth of science, by the turn of the seventh century BC. Yet, it continues to be a fascinating research area, since several aspects of precipitation generation and evolution have not been understood, explained, and described satisfactorily. Several problems, contradictions, and even fallacies related to the perception and modeling of precipitation still exist. The huge diversity and complexity of precipitation, including its forms, extent, intermittency, intensity, and temporal and spatial distribution, do not allow easy descriptions. For example, while atmospheric thermodynamics may suffice to explain the formation of clouds, it fails to provide a solid framework for accurate deterministic predictions of the intensity and spatial extent of storms. Hence, uncertainty is prominent and its understanding and modeling unavoidably relies on probabilistic, statistical, and stochastic descriptions. However, the classical statistical models and methods may not be appropriate for precipitation, which exhibits peculiar behaviors including Hurst–Kolmogorov dynamics and multifractality. This triggered the development of some of the finest stochastic methodologies to describe these behaviors. Inevitably, because deduction based on deterministic laws becomes problematic, as far as precipitation is concerned, the need for observation of precipitation becomes evident. Modern remote-sensing technologies (radars and satellites) have greatly assisted the observation of precipitation over the globe, whereas modern stochastic techniques have made the utilization of traditional rain gauge measurements easier and more accurate. This chapter reviews existing knowledge in the area of precipitation. Its focus is on the small- and large-scale physical mechanisms that govern the process of precipitation, technologies and methods to estimate precipitation in both space and time, and stochastic approaches to model the variable character of precipitation and assess the distribution of its extremes." @default.
- W3023928735 created "2020-05-13" @default.
- W3023928735 creator A5080769137 @default.
- W3023928735 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W3023928735 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W3023928735 title "Precipitation" @default.
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