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- W3023930929 abstract "This chapter focuses on the relationship of the in vitro effects of thyroid hormone on bone cells to the observed effects of the hormone on the skeleton in vivo in both experimental animals and clinical studies. Thyroid hormone has profound effects on skeletal development and differentiation, and also modulates the activities of mature bone. Thyroid hormone receptors are encoded by two genes, one found on chromosome 17 encoding TRα and one on chromosome 3 encoding TRβ. Thyroid hormones interact with both nuclear receptors and membrane-binding sites in bone and influence many of the phenotypic responses of bone cells. In intact organisms, deficiency or excess thyroid hormone can alter skeletal development and maintenance, indicating the importance of physiological concentrations of the hormones for normal skeletal physiology. The role of thyroid hormones in amplifying bone turnover are evident from clinical studies, in vivo investigations in animals, and in vitro models. There is dose dependence to the effects, with anabolic effects declining and catabolic effects becoming more prominent with the higher concentrations of thyroid hormone present in hyperthyroidism and with the higher doses that are used for suppressive therapy. Determination of TSH to guide thyroid hormone dosage can decrease the occurrence of bone loss resulting from the therapeutic use of thyroid hormone. The anabolic effects of thyroid hormone on bone are more apparent in younger animals and children, consistent with the possibility that growth factors can have significant mediating or modulating effects. Thyroid hormones increase IGF-I in osteoblasts and experimental animals and elevated circulating thyroid hormones are associated with increases in IGF-I and IGFBPs in patients." @default.
- W3023930929 created "2020-05-13" @default.
- W3023930929 creator A5049886691 @default.
- W3023930929 date "2002-01-01" @default.
- W3023930929 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W3023930929 title "Thyroid Hormone and Bone" @default.
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