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• W3024620187 abstract "To the Editor: Hair loss is common and distressing to patients. A range of effective medical therapies exists for hair disorders, but predicting which patients will respond to treatment is difficult and medical therapy may fail altogether in some patients. Despite advances in the development of new therapies for hair loss, patients look to commercial dietary supplements as adjuvant therapy. The product labels for hair loss supplements often contain limited information. The composition of dietary supplements does not undergo United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) testing before marketing. Instead, the FDA only investigates products in the postmarket period consequent to consumer complaints or adverse event reports. Quality data, including randomized control trials examining dietary supplementation for hair growth in well-nourished adults, are limited, and significant concerns exist regarding supplement safety. A recent FDA safety communication reported that excess supplementation of biotin (vitamin B7), a common ingredient in hair supplements, can interfere with biotinylated laboratory tests, such as cardiac troponin and thyroid panel assays, and has been implicated in at least 1 patient death, underscoring the potential severity of excess supplementation.1U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationThe FDA Warns that Biotin May Interfere with Lab Tests: FDA Safety Communication. Issued November 28, 2017, updated November 5, 2019.https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-communications/fda-warns-biotin-may-interfere-lab-tests-fda-safety-communicationDate: 2018Date accessed: January 5, 2020Google Scholar Apart from the potential safety risks and limited clinical data, use of some hair supplements may cause hair loss, and certain formulations may be unsafe for use during pregnancy. Hair supplements with high doses of selenium and vitamin A derivatives are of specific concern, because chronic high-dose consumption is reported to cause hair loss (Table I).1U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationThe FDA Warns that Biotin May Interfere with Lab Tests: FDA Safety Communication. Issued November 28, 2017, updated November 5, 2019.https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-communications/fda-warns-biotin-may-interfere-lab-tests-fda-safety-communicationDate: 2018Date accessed: January 5, 2020Google Scholar, 2Office of Dietary SupplementsNational Institutes of Health. Vitamin E Fact Sheet for Professionals. 2019, updated February 28, 2020.https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-HealthProfessional/Date accessed: January 5, 2020Google Scholar, 3Marks L.S. Hess D.L. Dorey F.J. Macairan M.L. Santos P.B. Tyler V.E. Tissue effects of saw palmetto and finasteride: use of biopsy cores for in situ quantification of prostatic androgens.Urology. 2001; 57: 999-1005Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (64) Google Scholar, 4MacFarquhar J.K. Broussard D.L. Melstrom P. et al.Acute selenium toxicity associated with a dietary supplement.Arch Intern Med. 2010; 170: 256-261Crossref PubMed Scopus (221) Google Scholar, 5Kmieć M.L. Pajor A. Broniarczyk-Dyła G. Evaluation of biophysical skin parameters and assessment of hair growth in patients with acne treated with isotretinoin.Adv Dermatol Allergol. 2013; 30: 343Crossref PubMed Scopus (29) Google Scholar Some commercial hair supplements contain unknown concentrations of saw palmetto extract, which inhibits 5α-reductase.3Marks L.S. Hess D.L. Dorey F.J. Macairan M.L. Santos P.B. Tyler V.E. Tissue effects of saw palmetto and finasteride: use of biopsy cores for in situ quantification of prostatic androgens.Urology. 2001; 57: 999-1005Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (64) Google Scholar Drugs that inhibit 5α-reductase, including finasteride, have the potential to cause genitourinary defects in male fetuses and are contraindicated in pregnancy. There are no dietary guidelines about safe saw palmetto consumption in pregnancy. Unlike prescription 5α-reductase inhibitors, hair supplements with saw palmetto do not carry a pregnancy risk category X status. Failure of manufacturers to disclose product concentrations or include warnings about the use of a product with potentially teratogenic ingredients during pregnancy is a current barrier to safe consumption of hair supplements.Table IExamples of select common ingredients in hair supplements and potential adverse effects of which clinicians should be awareIngredientRDA∗Recommended daily allowance (RDA): Average daily intake that meets requirements for most people.UL†Tolerable upper intake level (UL): Maximum daily amount unlikely to cause harm.Potential concernsBiotin (B7)ND‡Not determinable (ND): Intake should be from diet only to prevent excess.ND‡Not determinable (ND): Intake should be from diet only to prevent excess.Interference with biotinylated laboratory testing including cardiac troponin and thyroid tests1U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationThe FDA Warns that Biotin May Interfere with Lab Tests: FDA Safety Communication. Issued November 28, 2017, updated November 5, 2019.https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-communications/fda-warns-biotin-may-interfere-lab-tests-fda-safety-communicationDate: 2018Date accessed: January 5, 2020Google ScholarVitamin E15 mg1000 mgBleeding disorders may worsen with vitamin E consumption2Office of Dietary SupplementsNational Institutes of Health. Vitamin E Fact Sheet for Professionals. 2019, updated February 28, 2020.https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-HealthProfessional/Date accessed: January 5, 2020Google ScholarSaw palmettoND‡Not determinable (ND): Intake should be from diet only to prevent excess.ND‡Not determinable (ND): Intake should be from diet only to prevent excess.Inhibition of 5α-reductase, concern for abnormal development of male genitalia3Marks L.S. Hess D.L. Dorey F.J. Macairan M.L. Santos P.B. Tyler V.E. Tissue effects of saw palmetto and finasteride: use of biopsy cores for in situ quantification of prostatic androgens.Urology. 2001; 57: 999-1005Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (64) Google ScholarSelenium55 μg400 μgHair and nail loss or brittleness at high doses.4MacFarquhar J.K. Broussard D.L. Melstrom P. et al.Acute selenium toxicity associated with a dietary supplement.Arch Intern Med. 2010; 170: 256-261Crossref PubMed Scopus (221) Google Scholar Risk of gastrointestinal and neurologic disease at high doses4MacFarquhar J.K. Broussard D.L. Melstrom P. et al.Acute selenium toxicity associated with a dietary supplement.Arch Intern Med. 2010; 170: 256-261Crossref PubMed Scopus (221) Google ScholarVitamin A900 μg3000 μgHair loss at high doses5Kmieć M.L. Pajor A. Broniarczyk-Dyła G. Evaluation of biophysical skin parameters and assessment of hair growth in patients with acne treated with isotretinoin.Adv Dermatol Allergol. 2013; 30: 343Crossref PubMed Scopus (29) Google Scholar∗ Recommended daily allowance (RDA): Average daily intake that meets requirements for most people.† Tolerable upper intake level (UL): Maximum daily amount unlikely to cause harm.‡ Not determinable (ND): Intake should be from diet only to prevent excess. Open table in a new tab Sale of counterfeit supplements and supplements with unlisted ingredients poses risk. From 2007 to 2016, the FDA identified 776 dietary supplements with active drug ingredients wrongfully labeled and sold as supplements.6Tucker J. Fischer T. Upjohn L. Mazzera D. Kumar M. Unapproved pharmaceutical ingredients included in dietary supplements associated with US Food and Drug Administration warnings.JAMA Network Open. 2018; 1: e183337Crossref PubMed Scopus (71) Google Scholar Manufacturers that withhold the concentration of ingredients or fail to disclose all ingredients in hair loss supplements for proprietary reasons are ultimately jeopardizing patient safety and potentially causing unintended harms, including hair loss. The FDA recommends patients review supplements with their physician for safety as part of their routine medical care; however, without full disclosure of supplement content and concentrations, physician evaluation of safe supplementation is ultimately impaired. We call on manufacturers to readily disclose ingredients and concentrations in hair supplements. Furthermore, manufactures seeking to include ingredients with unknown safety profiles in supplements should first demonstrate safety and safe dosing. With adequate information, patients' questions can be appropriately addressed, and serious medication interactions can be identified in the clinical setting. Given the potential for significant risks, physicians should consider advising patients to avoid the use of hair supplements with unknown ingredients or concentrations." @default.
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• W3024620187 title "Unknown safety profile of ingredients in hair supplements: A call to action for improved patient safety" @default.
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