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• W302519964 abstract "1. INTRODUCTION This paper seeks to make a case for the analytic utility of the theoretical notion known as language ideologies (Silverstein 1979; Kroskrity 2010) and its introduction into that body of contemporary (sociolinguistic) literature, which concerns itself with the varieties of Scots spoken throughout mainland Scotland and the Northern Isles today. Using primary data collected during the summer of 2012, it is argued that this theoretical framework--in contradistinction to language attitudes, which was previously used in the Shetland Isles during the 1980s (see Melchers 1985)--is particularly suited to the investigation of complex, contested, emergent and unfinalisable language situations, which defy easy classification under traditional Sociolinguistic and Linguistic Anthropological descriptors (e.g. diglossia, language shift or language revitalisation). It is further argued that the analytic superiority of the theoretical notion of language ideologies for the explanation of such heteroglossic situations is resultant of its epistemological assumptions and methodological orientation. To wit, language ideological research attempts neither to privilege nor dismiss speakers' discursively mediated beliefs and feelings about language structure (metalinguistics) and use (metapragmatics). Rather, researchers working within this theoretical framework consider such articulable beliefs as being primus inter pares (i.e. first among equals). That is to say, they recognise that hypercognised ideologies frequently reflect veridical aspects of synchronous language structure and use (1), while also acknowledging that there is inevitably a certain amount of disparity (or slippage) between a consultant's reportage, his or her embodied language practices, and other language behaviours occurring within the community. The implication of this disparity is twofold: Firstly, it intimates the existence of other ideologies, which have not risen to the level of discursive consciousness (Giddens 1984), but which nonetheless make their presence felt throughout the community at the level of practice. Secondly, it directs researchers to interrogate the micro- and macro-level processes, which facilitate the ascension and ascendancy of certain ideologies (scil. the ascendancy of discursively accessible ideologies rests with their special capacity for directing one's gaze [Irvine and Gal 2000] and reshaping language structure and use over time [see Silverstein 1985 for example]). Indeed, this compulsory interrogation is one of the key advantages of language ideological theory, since it has allowed researchers to bridge 'work on language structure and language politics, as well as linguistic and social theory' (Woolard 1991:236). It is important, however, to keep in mind that this privileged position in discursive consciousness is guaranteed to no ideology--or set of ideologies --for long. Ideologies continually ascend into it and descend out of it. Kroskrity (1998; 2010) and Loether (2009), in particular, characterise discursive consciousness as a field of contestation, where an individual who has become aware of holding axiomatically incompatible language ideologies may agentively seek to favour one ideology over its alternatives. Sensitive to the cognitive dissonance that accompanies such an awareness and the psychological propensity toward repressing ideological incompatibles when recognised as such, Kroskrity and Loether even suggest that the researcher may play a mediatorial role in promoting the success of 'positive language ideologies' (i.e. language ideologies which valorise heritage languages and encourage their continued use). Still, equilibrium may eventuate without such interventions. Thus, another key assumption is that the constituent members of this upper ideological echelon are always susceptible to deposition as the vicissitudes of life (Kroskrity 2009), politics or even semiotically informed cognitive processes (Peirce 1931-1935, [section] 7. …" @default.
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• W302519964 date "2012-01-01" @default.
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• W302519964 title "Insular Languages, Global Ideologies: The Ideologies of a [Begin strikethrough]British, Scottish[end Strikethrough], Northern Island Community" @default.
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