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• W3025201801 endingPage "1767" @default.
• W3025201801 startingPage "1742" @default.
• W3025201801 abstract "Abstract Ions are ubiquitous in nature. They play a key role for many biological processes on the molecular scale, from molecular interactions, to mechanical properties, to folding, to self‐organisation and assembly, to reaction equilibria, to signalling, to energy and material transport, to recognition etc. Going beyond monovalent ions to multi valent ions, the effects of the ions are frequently not only stronger (due to the obviously higher charge), but qualitatively different. A typical example is the process of binding of multivalent ions, such as Ca 2+ , to a macromolecule and the consequences of this ion binding such as compaction, collapse, potential charge inversion and precipitation of the macromolecule. Here we review these effects and phenomena induced by multivalent ions for biological (macro)molecules, from the “atomistic/molecular” local picture of (potentially specific) interactions to the more global picture of phase behaviour including, e. g., crystallisation, phase separation, oligomerisation etc. Rather than attempting an encyclopedic list of systems, we rather aim for an embracing discussion using typical case studies. We try to cover predominantly three main classes: proteins, nucleic acids, and amphiphilic molecules including interface effects. We do not cover in detail, but make some comparisons to, ion channels, colloidal systems, and synthetic polymers. While there are obvious differences in the behaviour of, and the relevance of multivalent ions for, the three main classes of systems, we also point out analogies. Our attempt of a comprehensive discussion is guided by the idea that there are not only important differences and specific phenomena with regard to the effects of multivalent ions on the main systems, but also important similarities. We hope to bridge physico‐chemical mechanisms, concepts of soft matter, and biological observations and connect the different communities further." @default.
• W3025201801 created "2020-05-21" @default.
• W3025201801 creator A5000800231 @default.
• W3025201801 creator A5022505708 @default.
• W3025201801 creator A5084370591 @default.
• W3025201801 date "2020-07-20" @default.
• W3025201801 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W3025201801 title "Multivalent ions and biomolecules: Attempting a comprehensive perspective" @default.
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