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• W3025507908 abstract "Surrogate Humanity is an insightful analysis of humanity's relationship to technology under racial capitalism. It draws on case studies ranging from technologies care and domesticity, to those of killing and warfare. The book does not reify technology, but rather explores the conditions under which human-robot relations are complicit in perpetuating oppression. The book's first chapter grounds the work historically. It charts the development of technoliberalism; a racial capitalist ideology which conceals present inequalities through its creation of an aspirational post-gender and post-race humanity linked to technological changes. It questions technoliberalism's premise whereby full humanity can only be achieved through a reliance on those made subservient. The book centres on the surrogate effect, the relationship between the liberal subject and subservient others. Each chapter examines the multiplicity of ways through which the liberal subject cannot exist outside of this subservient relationship to those considered less-than-human or non-human. Atanasoski and Vora's use of the surrogate effect is an analytical strength. It draws attention to the racial and gendered epistemological and ontological assumptions built into and reiterated by current human-technology arrangements. This framing highlights how technologies (or their illusion) are utilised to devalue and make invisible forms of labour historically carried out by women, colonised people, and people of colour. It underscores how this ongoing devaluation is crucial in the creation of a future were devalued humans are replaced by technologies. As well as, how notions of autonomy are used to entrench racial capitalism dynamics. For example, chapter five explores how semi-autonomous killer robots are constructed to sanitise the deaths of people in previously colonised countries. These robots mask the agency and responsibility of those who operate them and grant the liberal subject power over the lives of those considered less-than-human. Surrogate Humanity calls into question the so-called novelty and radical difference of technological developments such as the second technological revolution or fully autonomous killer robots. It illustrates how these developments do not break away from past histories, but rather build on and (re)entrench historic oppressions. The book explores the values inbuilt to different technologies, focusing on robots aimed to replace human labour as well as those designed to work ‘collaboratively’ with humans. It illustrates how the ontologies and epistemologies that underpin historical and ongoing racial and gendered oppression inform both robotic developments. Raising questions (such as in chapter four), about how social robots undermine and recreate our understandings of care in ways that (re)produce capitalist logics. In addition to illustrating how so-called novel technologies further structural oppression, Atanoski and Vora highlight technologies countering this logic. The book draws attention to theoretical, activist and artistic efforts to create technologies outside of the use, productivity and value paradigm of racial capitalism. These alternate human-robot relationships offer a glimmer of hope and encouragement for ongoing resistance against racial capitalism. The book contributes a strong analytical approach to race, unpacking how race (as a function not an essence) constructs technologies underpinned by the logics of productivity-use-value that result in exploitation and differentiation under capitalism. However, it would benefit an in-depth discussion on the intersection of gender and race under technoliberalism, as these axes are mostly discussed as separate strands. For example, drawing on global care chain literature in the book's discussion of technologies of care and domesticity (Hochschild 2000, Parreñas 2001) could have tied together Surrogate Humanity's theoretical contributions on gender and race. It would additionally benefit from acknowledging the multiple other axis (such as class or disability) that structure inequality in human-robot arrangements, explaining why these will not be discussed at length in the text in favour of a more in-depth exploration of race and gender. Furthermore, whilst Atanasoski and Vora skilfully draw on historical, material and symbolic understandings in their analysis of the surrogate relationship between humans and technology, this analysis could have been strengthened with an exploration of the environmental dimensions of robot-human relationships. Acknowledging the oppressive dynamics behind the labour that sources the materials for technologies, the racialised and gendered environmental toll of this production, and crucially the long-term untenable nature of a reliance on continuous technological development given the earth's limited resources. Surrogate Humanity's insightful contributions would be recommendable to a heterogenous academic audiences wanting to gain a deeper understanding of the inequalities concealed within technology, the histories underpinning these and the consequent futures these technologies create." @default.
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• W3025507908 date "2020-05-19" @default.
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• W3025507908 title "Atanasoski, N. and Vora, K.Surrogate Humanity: Race, Robots, and the Politics of Technological Futures, London and Durham: Duke University Press. 2019. 240pp $99.95 (cloth) $25.95 (pbk) $25.95 (ebk). ISBN 978‐1‐4780‐0386‐1" @default.
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