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• W3026431429 endingPage "104664" @default.
• W3026431429 startingPage "104664" @default.
• W3026431429 abstract "Incorporating crop residue favors biotic and abiotic nitrogen (N) immobilization, which can effectively conserve active N in soil. Here we summarize the occurrence characteristics of biotic and abiotic N immobilization and affecting factors, and then identify a general pattern of the relative importance of the two processes in soil incorporated with crop residue. When microorganisms decompose crop residue for a source of energy and carbon (C) to support their metabolism, they need N to build cellular components, resulting in N immobilization in biomass. Alternatively, N can be incorporated into soil organic matter (SOM) through the following known mechanisms: ammonium (NH4+) fixation by clay minerals, condensation of ammonia (NH3) with phenol or quinone rings, and nitrosation of nitrite (NO2-) with phenolic compounds. The biotic and abiotic contribution to N immobilization is significantly controlled by soil properties and crop residual quality. When a large fraction of C is in the form of labile organic compounds, biotic N immobilization may be important. In contrast, high fraction of lignin-derived phenolic compounds or other recalcitrant organic compounds facilitates abiotic N immobilization. In the N-limited soil, the increase in N availability contributes to microbial activity, which would stimulate biotic processes. However, when microbial metabolism switches from N-limited to C-limited due to the increase in N availability, abiotic processes become important. Abiotic processes even predominate over biotic processes under N-enriched conditions. The relative roles of biotic or abiotic N immobilization in soil incorporated with crop residue are dependent on the availability of C relative to N and soil N availability. Carbon and N availability in turn is related to their forms. Moreover, N availability is affected by soil pH. The mechanisms by which N is immobilized determine the fate of immobilized N and are of vital importance for the management of N availability and losses through combining N fertilizer with crop residue. More investigation is necessary to quantify the contribution of biotic and abiotic processes during the decomposition of crop residue and to determine the factors affecting N immobilization in the field." @default.
• W3026431429 created "2020-05-29" @default.
• W3026431429 creator A5019225976 @default.
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• W3026431429 date "2020-08-01" @default.
• W3026431429 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W3026431429 title "Biotic and abiotic nitrogen immobilization in soil incorporated with crop residue" @default.
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• W3026431429 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104664" @default.
• W3026431429 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.
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