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• W3026654004 endingPage "321666" @default.
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• W3026654004 abstract "The behavioral effects of nicotine were compared with those of its metabolites, nornicotine and cotinine, in beagle dogs and squirrel monkeys. Subjects responded under a multiple fixed-interval (FI) 300-sec, fixed-ratio (FR) 30 response schedule of food presentation. Nicotine (0.01-1.0 mg/kg i.m.) and nornicotine (0.03-3.0 mg/kg i.m.) produced qualitatively similar effects in both dogs and monkeys. Nicotine produced dose-related increases, then decreases in rates of responding during FI components; rates of responding during FR components were only decreased. Nornicotine produced only dose-dependent decreases in responding during both FI and FR components. In the dogs, cotinine (0.01-10.0 mg/kg i.m.) produced only dose-dependent decreases in rates of responding during both FI and FR components. In the squirrel monkeys, however, cotinine (0.1-3.0 mg/kg i.m.) increased responding during FI components; a high dose of 30.0 mg/kg decreased responding during both FI and FR components. The behavioral effects of cocaine (0.03-3.0 mg/kg i.m.) and its metabolite norcocaine (0.01-1.0 mg/kg i.m.) were compared in the dogs. FI rates of responding first increased and then decreased with increasing doses of each drug, whereas FR rates of responding only decreased in a dose-related manner. Norcocaine was slightly more potent than cocaine in producing these effects on schedule-controlled responding in dogs. These experiments indicate the metabolites of nicotine and cocaine are behaviorally active and may contribute to the pharmacological profile of the parent compounds." @default.
• W3026654004 created "2020-05-29" @default.
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• W3026654004 date "2020-05-20" @default.
• W3026654004 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W3026654004 title "Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis: a multicentre cohort study" @default.
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• W3026654004 doi "https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321666" @default.
• W3026654004 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7815629" @default.
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