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• W3028387788 abstract "Few drugs have been approved for the treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis (P-MS), and those that have are limited in their efficacy to active forms of the disease, and fail to halt degeneration or promote repair and regeneration. State-of-the-art single-cell characterization of the diseased CNS is providing high-resolution insights into deficiencies of endogenous regenerative potential and the shortcomings of animal models of disease. CNS stem cell transplantation has demonstrated encouraging therapeutic potential in preclinical studies of neurological diseases such as P-MS, and there is a growing understanding of the mechanisms of action through which they act on the injured CNS. Comprehensive and well-designed clinical study of CNS stem cell therapies is essential to decisively establish their translational potential and safety, but the marketing of unproven treatments is flourishing in the interim. Multiple disease-modifying medications with regulatory approval to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) are unable to prevent inflammatory tissue damage in the central nervous system (CNS), and none directly promote repair. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for therapies that can arrest and reverse the persistent accumulation of disabilities associated with progressive forms of MS (P-MS). Preclinical research has revealed an unexpected ability of neural stem cell (NSC) therapies to provide neurotrophic support and inhibit detrimental host immune responses in vivo following transplantation into the chronically inflamed CNS. We discuss NSC transplantation as a promising therapy for P-MS, elaborate on the necessities of clinical trial validation and formalized usage guidelines, and caution about unscrupulous ‘clinics’ marketing unproven therapies to patients. Multiple disease-modifying medications with regulatory approval to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) are unable to prevent inflammatory tissue damage in the central nervous system (CNS), and none directly promote repair. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for therapies that can arrest and reverse the persistent accumulation of disabilities associated with progressive forms of MS (P-MS). Preclinical research has revealed an unexpected ability of neural stem cell (NSC) therapies to provide neurotrophic support and inhibit detrimental host immune responses in vivo following transplantation into the chronically inflamed CNS. We discuss NSC transplantation as a promising therapy for P-MS, elaborate on the necessities of clinical trial validation and formalized usage guidelines, and caution about unscrupulous ‘clinics’ marketing unproven therapies to patients. a technique utilizing the globally elevated content of 14C in all biological material synthesized during the peak of atmospheric atomic bomb tests in the early 1960s, and its characteristic washout in the years thereafter, to determine the age of cellular components. a cell-surface marker of B cells that is targeted by monoclonal antibody drugs such as ocrelizumab leading to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and thus immunosuppression. damage to and/or loss of the myelin sheath of neurons, leading to impaired neuronal function. pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst. a class of multipotent stem cell, located primarily in the blood or bone marrow, that can differentiate into different types of blood cells (myeloid and lymphoid lines). regulation of the function of the immune system, often in an effort to attain homeostasis, either through direct action on immune cells (e.g., using drugs) or via secreted factors (e.g., using cells). a cell, generated by reprogramming of a differentiated cell type such as a skin cell, that is capable of differentiating into any other cell type. a broad class of multipotent cells derived from various sources, commonly bone marrow and adipose tissue. a class of immune cells, including central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating macrophages and CNS-resident microglia, that are implicated in the neuroinflammatory pathobiology of MS. a multipotent self-renewing cell that is capable of differentiating along neural lineages (e.g., neural stem/progenitor cells). preservation of neuronal structure and/or function. macroscopically normal brain tissue that is at least 1 cm from a visible plaque. a glial cell that produces the myelin coating of axons in the CNS. an antimetabolite such as cladribine that resembles adenosine or guanine and inhibits DNA synthesis, preventing the clonal expansion of lymphocytes. sharply demarcated areas with reduced myelin density and disproportionately thin myelin sheaths, and which reflect a late phase of remyelination. a method for characterizing the transcriptome of individual cells rather than of bulk tissue. snRNA-seq is restricted to the expression profile of single nuclei rather than of whole cells. a class of lipid-binding receptors with diverse functions. The drug siponimod binds to the S1PR1 subtype on lymphocytes, preventing them from entering the CNS, as well as to the S1PR5 subtype on oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the CNS. when a patient travels abroad to receive a stem cell therapy otherwise unavailable to them in their home country owing to inhibitive costs or regulatory prohibition. reprogramming of a mature somatic cell into a somatic cell of different lineage, bypassing a pluripotent stage." @default.
• W3028387788 created "2020-05-29" @default.
• W3028387788 creator A5001612039 @default.
• W3028387788 creator A5047152599 @default.
• W3028387788 creator A5058920811 @default.
• W3028387788 date "2020-10-01" @default.
• W3028387788 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W3028387788 title "Promises and Limitations of Neural Stem Cell Therapies for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis" @default.
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