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- W3028951151 abstract "The improvement of aviation safety has been a focal point for companies and authorities. Although statistics show low rates of accidents (e.g., ICAO, 2015), safety remains challenged in daily operations as indicated by the safety data collected through various initiatives (e.g., voluntary reports, flight data monitoring, audits). To further improve safety, new international and regional guidance and regulations for safety management have been set (e.g., ICAO, 2013a; FAA, 2013; EASA, 2014; EC, 2014). Those differ significantly from conventional quality assurance, which has been emphasizing on the presence and operation of a process (i.e. compliance‐based assessment), and add the requirement for monitoring safety performance through relevant metrics (i.e. performance‐based assessment). This new approach will render safety management more proactive than it currently is; the proper monitoring of the respective safety management activities and the outcomes of those will allow identifying and managing flaws before accidents occur. However, proactive safety relies heavily on the use of relevant data sourcing from day‐to‐day activities and operations; the concept is that such data will be processed in a way that will allow to timely identify and control new hazards and combinations of hazards, the deviations from standards included. Under this concept, it seems that although large companies might collect large amount of safety‐related data and establish proactive safety metrics, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) lack high volumes of data due to the limited scope of their operations. Furthermore, even at the case of large companies, m ore reactive indicators are in use than proactive ones (e.g., Woods, Branlat, Herrera, & Woltjer, 2015; Lofquist, 2010) and considerable amount of resources are required to process high volumes of data (e.g., Kruijsen, 2013) . Following relevant concerns of Dutch aviation companies, the Aviation Academy of the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences initiated a research project entitled “Measuring Safety in Aviation – Developing Metrics for Safety Management Systems”. The aim of the project is to identify ways to measure operational safety without the benefit of large amounts of safety data (Aviation Academy, 2014). The researchers will examine the validity of current safety metrics, explore new suitable safety metrics based on existing and alternative models and approaches to safety, generate and validate a short list of suitable safety metrics, and translate this knowledge into a web‐based dashboard for the industry. The project will last four years, from September 2015 to September 2019, is co‐funded by the Nationaal Regieorgaan Praktijkgericht Onderzoek SIA (SIA, 2015), and is executed by a team of researchers from the Aviation Academy in collaboration with a consortium of industry, academia and authorities’ representatives. As a first step in this project, this review charts the current suggestions and practice in safety metrics and will comprise the foundation for the next project phases. State ‐of‐art academic literature, (aviation) industry practice, and documentation published by regulatory and international aviation bodies were considered in this review. The criterion used for selecting academic references wa s the date of publication (i.e. about up to 10 years old) and relevance to the topic (keywords: safety metrics, safety indicators, safety performance); the main online repositories consulted were Sciencedirect and Google Scholar. T he most current versions of relevant aviation standards and guidance were reviewed along with information presented by companies during public events (e.g., conferences, symposia). In addition to the necessity of this re port for moving to the next steps of the project, we envisage that it will be a self‐standing useful reference for aviation professionals and safety scientists. Although the scope of the review is about safety metrics, the latter cannot be viewed outside their context. Hence, the report starts with presenting various views on safety and the challenges when measuring safety. Next, we review the references about safety metrics, the role of Safety Management Systems (SMS) in safety monitoring, the classifications of safety performance indicators (SPI), and the quality criteria of metrics in general. The report continues with a discussion on the literature and industry references reviewed and concludes with the connection of this report with the next phase of the project, where surveys will allow us to review the application of safety metrics in practice." @default.
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- W3028951151 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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- W3028951151 title "RAAK PRO Project: Measuring Safety in Aviation: Deliverable: Review of Existing Aviation Safety Metrics" @default.
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