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• W3033133216 abstract "Kidney performs various essential functions in the body including metabolism and excretion of exogenously administered drugs, chemicals and their metabolites. Hence kidney is considered as a major organ vulnerable to develop various forms of toxic effects due to drug administration. Today, people have more comorbidties and are exposed more to therapeutic and diagnostic procedures having nephrotoxic potential.Therefore, incidence of drug induced kidney injury is dramatically increasing worldwide and present even among young children and exerts substantial burden to the people. Urolithiasis is a painful disorder and also leads to morbidities and end stage renal failure.Several mechanisms are involved in developing drug induced kidney injury including oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrogenesis and apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species are considered as the important mediators in drug induced nephrotoxicity. Previous research studies also reported that formation of urinary stones leads to oxidative stress in patients.Endogenous antioxidant defense system often produce insufficient protection against free radicals, hence it is required to supplement antioxidants from external source. Drug induced kidney injury is a multifactorial process, hence indigenous system of medicine and traditional herbal remedies focusing on multiple targets are considered as effective and safe with minimal side effects. Various herbal medicines are esteemed all over the world as a source of therapeutic agent for prevention and treatment of nephrotoxicity and urolithiasis. Clinical and preclinical reports indicated that flavonoids inhibit calcium oxalate and crystal deposition in urine. Polyphenols especially phenolic and flavonoids are aromatic compounds which possess excellent free radical scavenging activity. Plants rich with saponin, disaggregate the suspension of mucoproteins, which promote crystallization.In this present study, we have evaluated the nephroprotective and antiurolithic activity of ethanol extract of whole plant B. sensitivum by selecting experimental models which included gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicty, cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats.Phytochemical screening indicated the presences of carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, proteins, aminoacids, falvonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds and fixed oils in ethanol extract of B. sensitivum.Our study also proved that this drug possess considerable amount of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. In vitro antioxidant and antiurolithic study illustrated that EEBS possessed significant free radical scavenging activity and excellent inhibiton on nucleation and aggregation of stone forming constituents in urine, thereby confirming itslithotriptic effect. Image analysis of CaOx crystals using microscopic assay, further confirmed its lithotriptic activity. Our study also demonstrated cytoprotective activity of EEBS. Cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation were observed only at high concentration.Supplementation of EEBS to drug induced nephrotoxic and urolithiasis rats significantly restored changes in body weight, kidney weight, urine pH, indicating its nephroprotective and antiurolithic activity. Diuretic effects were observed in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis model. Increased urine output promotes flushing out of stone forming constituents through urine. Prevention of proteinuria, albuminuria and hypercalciuria in gentamicin and cisplatin-treated rats, hypermagnesuria in gentamicin-treated rats, indicating its nephroprotective activity. Hypocalciuric and hypermagnesuric effect observed in the ethylene+EEBS-treated animals, clearly indicating its antiurolithic activity.Co-therapy with EEBS showed significant reversal in the hematological parameters that observed in animals in toxic control group and exhibited improvement in hematological status. Treatment with EEBS in GM-induced rats restored the elevated serum level of nitrogenous waste products and diminished calcium and magnesium levels. CDDP-treated animals restored the elevated serum level of BUN, creatinine and diminished total protein, calcium and sodium level. In urolithiasis induced animals, serum level of calcium, phosphate and nitrogenous substances were lowered, where as total protein levels were increased in animals co-administered with EEBS. Effect of B. sensitivum on oxidative stress were evaluated using estimation of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and non enzymatic (lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione) constituents in kidney homogenate. Co-treatment with EEBS significantly restored the level of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, thereby inhibited the changes associated with oxidative stress. Histopathological examination of kidneys from toxicity induced animals substantiated the results obtained from in vivo evaluation of nephroprotective, antiurolithic and antioxidant activity.Thus the results obtained from nephroprotective and antiurolithic investigation provided sufficient scientific evidences about the use of B. sensitivum for the treatment of drug induced kidney injury. These activities attributed to the presence of phytoconstituents present in B. sensitivum.Hence, we may conclude that the whole plant B. sensitivum used alone or in combination with other herbal or synthetic drugs may have promising nephroprotective and antiurolithic effect." @default.
• W3033133216 created "2020-06-12" @default.
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• W3033133216 date "2017-12-01" @default.
• W3033133216 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3033133216 title "In vitro and In vivo Studies on Nephroprotective andAntiurolithic Effect of Biophytum sensitivum in DifferentToxicity Models" @default.
• W3033133216 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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