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- W3033254507 abstract "We synthesize new triethylene glycol-based levelers containing quaternary ammonium groups with different terminal functional groups (allyl, propyl, benzyl, and naphthylmethyl) to investigate the structure-property relationship of the levelers. Though all the synthesized levelers indicate the convection-dependent adsorption behavior through the onset potential in linear sweep voltammetry, the inhibition strength depends considerably on the functional groups. The exchange current density of 0.40 mA cm−2 for Cu reduction in the naphthylmethyl case is the lowest among our levelers, owing to the π-cloud interactions of a large aromatic naphthylmethyl group with Cu. The naphthylmethyl leveler maintains the inhibition layer that is not deactivated even by the addition of bis(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS) unlike the other functional groups in chronopotentiometry. The complex inhibition layer composed of the leveler and a suppressor is retained, displaying a high potential difference of –157 mV between 100 and 1000 rpm. By using three-additives containing the naphthylmethyl leveler, microvias show the filling ratio of 100% within 50 min and a thin top thickness of only about 15 μm. These results provide the effectiveness of the naphthylmethyl terminal functional group for enhancing the inhibition of leveler and can help the new design of electroplating additives." @default.
- W3033254507 created "2020-06-12" @default.
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- W3033254507 date "2020-06-11" @default.
- W3033254507 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W3033254507 title "Structural Influence of Terminal Functional Groups on TEG-Based Leveler in Microvia Filling" @default.
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- W3033254507 doi "https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab98a9" @default.
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