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- W3033452052 endingPage "913" @default.
- W3033452052 startingPage "902" @default.
- W3033452052 abstract "Abstract Hypertension and atherosclerosis, the predecessors of stroke and myocardial infarction, are chronic vascular inflammatory reactions. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), the “master” proinflammatory cytokine, contributes to both the initiation and maintenance of vascular inflammation. TNFα induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which drives the redox reactions that constitute “ROS signaling.” However, these ROS may also cause oxidative stress which contributes to vascular dysfunction. Mice lacking TNFα or its receptors are protected against both acute and chronic cardiovascular injury. Humans suffering from TNFα-driven inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis are at increased cardiovascular risk. When treated with highly specific biologic agents that target TNFα signaling (Etanercept, etc.) they display marked reductions in that risk. The ability of TNFα to induce endothelial dysfunction, often the first step in a progression toward serious vasculopathy, is well recognized and has been reviewed elsewhere. However, TNFα also has profound effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) including a fundamental change from a contractile to a secretory phenotype. This “phenotypic switching” promotes proliferation and production of extracellular matrix proteins which are associated with medial hypertrophy. Additionally, it promotes lipid storage and enhanced motility, changes that support the contribution of VSMCs to neointima and atherosclerotic plaque formation. This review focuses on the role of TNFα in driving the inflammatory changes in VSMC biology that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Special attention is given to the mechanisms by which TNFα promotes ROS production at specific subcellular locations, and the contribution of these ROS to TNFα signaling." @default.
- W3033452052 created "2020-06-12" @default.
- W3033452052 creator A5016419649 @default.
- W3033452052 creator A5019806106 @default.
- W3033452052 creator A5081465920 @default.
- W3033452052 creator A5091608517 @default.
- W3033452052 date "2020-06-05" @default.
- W3033452052 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W3033452052 title "TNFα and Reactive Oxygen Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis" @default.
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