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- W3034796411 abstract "Non-destructive testing during the refuelling in 2000 revealed indications in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) nozzle to safe end welds in Pinghals 3 and 4. Continued operation of Ringhals 3 could be justified based on flaw tolerance analyses. In Ringhals 4, however, the indications were larger, and boat samples were removed from one weld. Metallographic examination of the boat samples revealed cracks in the weld metal, alloy 182. All cracking was inter-dendritic, suggesting that crack propagation mainly was caused by inter-dendritic stress corrosion cracking (IDSCC), although repairs and weld defects may have played a role in the crack initiation. Continued operation of Ringhals 4 up to the next scheduled outage could be justified by a fracture mechanics analysis. This analysis was performed to determine allowable defect sizes and the time required for a postulated crack to reach the critical size. As input for the analysis, a relationship between the crack growth rate and stress intensity was established. This was done by compiling available laboratory crack growth data on alloy 182 in PW R primary water, assessing the data quality, and then using data passing a set of screening criteria. During the refuelling in 2001 the nozzle to safe end welds in Ringhals 3 and 4 were re-inspected by non-destructive testing, using the same procedures as the previous year. Continued operation could be justified for both reactors based on updated fracture mechanics analyses. Boat samples were removed from one weld in Ringhals 3, and the samples have subsequently been subjected to a metallographic examination. This paper summarises the various investigations and analyses performed to verify the structural integrity of Ringhals 3 and 4. (authors)" @default.
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- W3034796411 date "2002-07-01" @default.
- W3034796411 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W3034796411 title "Structural assessment of defected nozzle to safe-end welds in Ringhals 3 and 4" @default.
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