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• W3034980993 startingPage "101635" @default.
• W3034980993 abstract "Although humans tend to be risk averse, gambling, an inherently risky behavior, remains exceedingly popular and is an increasingly legal activity. The advent of electronic and online gambling games has further exacerbated the risk of gambling addiction. Given the frequently disadvantageous results of gambling, it is important to explore its evolutionary roots to understand why some individuals engage in gambling and other risky activities that may be detrimental. Inspired by the Primate Gambling Task, a modification of the Iowa Gambling Task developed by Proctor et al. (2014), we presented zoo-housed chimpanzees, gorillas, and Japanese macaques with a choice between two stimuli on a touchscreen, one representing a low-value, low variance (LV) option and the other a high-value, high variance (HV) option. Subjects completed three conditions in which the LV always resulted in a low or middle-value food reward. In each condition, stimuli colors varied and selecting the HV resulted in differing probabilities of both receiving any reward and the subject’s high-value reward. In a second experiment, subjects chose between a picture of a middle-value food and one of the six HV or LV stimuli to test their relative preferences for these stimuli in a novel context. Using several analyses, we found substantial within-species variation in both experiments, but relatively minimal between-species differences. Analyses did not always result in the same conclusions, however, no subject, regardless of species, learned to prefer the HV option in experiment 1, if any learning occurred at all. In experiment 2, nearly all subjects showed a preference for images of middle-value foods compared to the six HV and LV stimuli. As with much human risk-preference research, individual differences suggest that much of the variation in risk-taking behavior lies at the individual rather than species level, at least among the three primate species tested here." @default.
• W3034980993 created "2020-06-19" @default.
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• W3034980993 date "2020-08-01" @default.
• W3034980993 modified "2023-10-04" @default.
• W3034980993 title "Within- and between-species variation in the responses of three primate species to a touchscreen gambling task" @default.
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• W3034980993 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2020.101635" @default.
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