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• W3035397712 abstract "Olfactory impairment after trauma is associated with changes in olfactory cortex, including decreased gray matter density and decreased response to odors. Much less is known about the role of other cortical areas in olfactory impairment. We used fMRI in a sample of 63 participants, consisting of 25 with post-traumatic functional anosmia, 16 with post-traumatic hyposmia, and 22 healthy controls with normosmia to investigate whole brain response to odors. Similar neural responses were observed across the groups to odor versus odorless stimuli in the primary olfactory areas in piriform cortex, whereas response in the frontal operculum and anterior insula (fO/al) increased with olfactory function (normosmia > hyposmia > functional anosmia). Unexpectedly, a negative association was observed between response and olfactory function in the mediodorsal thalamus (mdT), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (pCC). Finally, connectivity within a network consisting of vmPFC, fO, and pCC could be used to successfully classify participants as having functional anosmia or normosmia. We conclude that, at the neural level, olfactory impairment due to head trauma is best characterized by heightened responses and differential connectivity in higher-order areas beyond olfactory cortex. Significance Statement Olfactory impairment affects a quarter of the population, with subjective complaints usually confirmed with psychophysical measurements. Here, we demonstrate that the degree of olfactory impairment can also be categorized using neural responses to odors. Remarkably, regions with neural responses that were predictive usually showed an increase in response to odors with degree of impairment, rather than a reduction, as might be expected. Further, predictive cortical regions were not isolated to canonical olfactory areas." @default.
• W3035397712 created "2020-06-19" @default.
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• W3035397712 date "2020-06-10" @default.
• W3035397712 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W3035397712 title "Beyond olfactory cortex – severity of post-traumatic olfactory loss is associated with response to odors in frontal-parietal-insular networks" @default.
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• W3035397712 doi "https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.20118539" @default.
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