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• W3037009737 abstract "The physical-chemical-biological process occurring in land plants and algae where water is oxidized to molecular oxygen and where CO2 is con­ comitantly reduced to carbohydrates in the presence of light is called photo­ synthesis (1). In bacterial photosynthesis, CO2 is reduced but the reductant is some inorganic or organic material other than water, and no oxygen is pro­ duced [see (1) chap. 5]. In the absence of light, the over-all chemical trans­ formation is energetically u p-hill. From the thermochemistry, about 112 kcal per mole of energy must be supplied by the light for the reaction to take place (2). This value represents a minimum energy requirement since there are many known energy-loss mechanisms which do not allow the reaction to be perfectly efficient. Therefore, for energetic reasons, at least three to four quanta of red light represent a rock bottom minimum requirement for the reduction of each CO2 molecule. Many workers now agree that 8 ± 1 quanta are probably necessary in steady state photosynthesis (3, 4, 5) even though somewhat lower values than this have been reported (6) . One part of the many-faceted puzzle of photosynthesis emerges when it is realized that in direct sunlight each chlorophyll molecule in the plant ab­ sorbs only about 12 quanta per second, and, what is still the more amazing, efficient photosynthesis is known to occur even when each molecule is ab­ sorbing only one quantum every 25-250 seconds (7)! The efficient utilization of energy from eight absorbed quanta at these low absorption levels therefore places a heavy burden on the photosynthetic apparatus with respect to energy funneling, energy transfer, energy storage, and final energy utiliza­ tion mechanisms. One or the other of these aspects of photosynthesis has re­ cently been the subject of excellent review articles (8-12) , symposia (13, 14, 15) , and a collection of papers (16) . The symposium in England (14) , and in particular the one at Warrenton, Virginia ( 15) , the complete proceedings of which became available in January 1964, are of keen interest because of their pertinence to the present state of research in photosynthesis. The line of thought in this review starts from a model for photosynthesis taken over from current ideas. Each part of the model is discussed in the light of available evidence. Much, but not all of this evidence has been col­ lected in the past two or three years, and in this sense, the paper is in accord with the philosophy of this kind of a review. Because of this approach, the" @default.
• W3037009737 created "2020-07-02" @default.
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• W3037009737 date "1964-01-01" @default.
• W3037009737 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3037009737 title "QUANTUM PROCESSES IN PHOTOSYNTHESISl, 2" @default.
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