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- W3039554666 abstract "Contributing to this issue of Matter, Wei Tao, Tian Xie, and colleagues now demonstrate the killing of two birds (inhibition of tumor recurrence and wound infection) with one stone (germanene-based surgical adjuvant theranostic materials): another breakthrough of two-dimensional monoelemental materials (2D Xenes) as cancer nanomedicine. Contributing to this issue of Matter, Wei Tao, Tian Xie, and colleagues now demonstrate the killing of two birds (inhibition of tumor recurrence and wound infection) with one stone (germanene-based surgical adjuvant theranostic materials): another breakthrough of two-dimensional monoelemental materials (2D Xenes) as cancer nanomedicine. The rapid development of cancer systems biology has witnessed tremendous progress in a better understanding of the various forms of cancer, which, to some extent, has shed new light on cancer treatments. Driven by the promises of “nanomedicine” in advancing the therapeutic efficacy as well as the diagnosis of cancer, tremendous numbers of nanoplatforms with intriguing performances have been developed. To date, a considerable number of nanomaterials have been approved for disease treatments, and many other modalities are under clinical or preclinical investigations.1Shi J. Kantoff P.W. Wooster R. Farokhzad O.C. Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities.Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2017; 17: 20-37Crossref PubMed Scopus (2408) Google Scholar Nevertheless, further clinical translation of laboratory-developed nanomedicine, especially for metal-based ones, might suffer from their complex physical structures and chemical formulations. Therefore, there is still an urgent need for the exploration of facile but effective nanotherapeutics with successful developments and clinical translation opportunities in the future. The emerging two-dimensional monoelemental materials (2D Xenes), inheriting a fixed chemical composition, great promises with atomically thin structures, multiple surface functionalities, as well as admirable optoelectronic properties, have shown their strength as candidates for efficient biomedical applications with brand-new outcomes (Figure 1).2Tao W. Kong N. Ji X. Zhang Y. Sharma A. Ouyang J. Qi B. Wang J. Xie N. Kang C. et al.Emerging two-dimensional monoelemental materials (Xenes) for biomedical applications.Chem. Soc. Rev. 2019; 48: 2891-2912Crossref PubMed Google Scholar In previous work, Wei Tao and colleagues set several precedents by demonstrating and enriching the 2D Xenes as cancer nanomedicine. For instance, they developed polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified 2D antimonene quantum dots (AM QDs) by liquid exfoliation as a new generation of photothermal agents (PTAs).3Tao W. Ji X. Xu X. Islam M.A. Li Z. Chen S. Saw P.E. Zhang H. Bharwani Z. Guo Z. et al.Antimonene Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Application as Near-Infrared Photothermal Agents for Effective Cancer Therapy.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017; 56: 11896-11900Crossref PubMed Scopus (330) Google Scholar The photothermal conversion efficiency reached 45.5%, which is higher than that of many other PTAs. Considering that nanosheet-shaped 2D antimonene (AM NSs) provide an ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio for cargo loading, they further expanded AM NSs as drug delivery nanoplatforms (AM-PEG/DOX NSs), which featured (1) a high drug-loading capacity of 150.0%, (2) excellent photothermal properties, and (3) deep tumor penetration with multi-responsive drug-release properties.4Tao W. Ji X. Zhu X. Li L. Wang J. Zhang Y. Saw P.E. Li W. Kong N. Islam M.A. et al.Two-Dimensional Antimonene-Based Photonic Nanomedicine for Cancer Theranostics.Adv. Mater. 2018; 30: e1802061Crossref PubMed Scopus (230) Google Scholar In addition, Wei Tao and colleagues also have shed light on the biomedical application of black phosphorus (BP), which has received an increase of interest from research communities recently.5Qiu M. Ren W.X. Jeong T. Won M. Park G.Y. Sang D.K. Liu L.P. Zhang H. Kim J.S. Omnipotent phosphorene: a next-generation, two-dimensional nanoplatform for multidisciplinary biomedical applications.Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018; 47: 5588-5601Crossref PubMed Google Scholar,6Tang Z. Kong N. Ouyang J. Feng C. Kim N.Y. Ji X. Wang C. Farokhzad O.C. Zhang H. Tao W. Phosphorus Science-Oriented Design and Synthesis of Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications.Matter. 2020; 2: 297-322Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (71) Google Scholar They discovered BP NSs as a set of robust systems for cancer theranostics (e.g., drug delivery system for therapeutic agents, bio-imaging system for fluorescent agents, and targeting delivery system), thus opening a new chapter for BP as a delivery vehicle.7Tao W. Zhu X. Yu X. Zeng X. Xiao Q. Zhang X. Ji X. Wang X. Shi J. Zhang H. Mei L. Black Phosphorus Nanosheets as a Robust Delivery Platform for Cancer Theranostics.Adv. Mater. 2017; 29: 1603276Crossref Scopus (525) Google Scholar Moreover, in a very recent study, Wei Tao and colleagues shared a mechanistic understanding of the BP NSs with selective killing effect toward cancer cells rather than normal cells, which occurred only within a specified dosage range, and thereby provided a fundamental guidance for a safe biomedical application of BP.8Kong N. Ji X. Wang J. Sun X. Chen G. Fan T. Liang W. Zhang H. Xie A. Farokhzad O.C. Tao W. ROS-Mediated Selective Killing Effect of Black Phosphorus: Mechanistic Understanding and Its Guidance for Safe Biomedical Applications.Nano Lett. 2020; 20: 3943-3955Crossref PubMed Scopus (65) Google Scholar It is strongly believed that BP NSs and AM NSs with clarified intracellular fates and biological activities revealed by Wei Tao and colleagues will undoubtedly facilitate the 2D nanomedicine for oncological and other biomedical applications. Previously, Wei Tao and colleagues have demonstrated the ultra-small germanene quantum dots (Ge QDs) as a robust photonic cancer nanomedicine, the biocompatibility of which is excellent on account of germanene as a trace element in the human body.9Ouyang J. Feng C. Ji X. Li L. Gutti H.K. Kim N.Y. Artzi D. Xie A. Kong N. Liu Y.N. et al.2D Monoelemental Germanene Quantum Dots: Synthesis as Robust Photothermal Agents for Photonic Cancer Nanomedicine.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019; 58: 13405-13410Crossref PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar Here, in the recent work by Wei Tao, Tian Xie, and colleagues in this issue of Matter, chemo-drug (DOX)-loaded germanene nanosheets (Ge NSs) with hydrogel coating (Ge/[email protected]), which together are a successful surgical adjuvant, inhibited tumor recurrence and wound infection—the two major challenges faced after traditional surgical treatment of solid tumors.10Feng C. Ouyang J. Tang Z. Kong N. Liu Y. Fu L. Ji X. Xie T. Farokhzad O.C. Tao W. Germanene-Based Theranostic Materials for Surgical Adjuvant Treatment: Inhibiting Tumor Recurrence and Wound Infection.Matter. 2020; 3 (this issue): 127-144Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (64) Google Scholar The Ge NSs obtained via a facile liquid-exfoliation approach inherited a high photothermal conversion efficacy and possessed a feature size of 60 nm and a thickness down to 5 nm. Benefiting from the unique 2D structure, the DOX loading capacity of bare Ge NSs reached as high as 133.6%. The employment of hydrogel, consisting of clinically approved agarose and chitosan, for coating DOX-loaded Ge NSs is a smart application in which the hydrogel served as a sterilized dressing for surgically induced wounds and a reservoir for sustained drug release. Notably, Ge/[email protected] was also featured in the rapid responses to both internal (acidosis of tumor) and external stimuli (laser-controlled drug release) for a deep penetration of loaded chemotherapy drugs. Besides the hydrophilic drugs, commonly used hydrophobic drugs (e.g., β-elemene) can also be incorporated into this intelligent system by being loaded into polymeric nanoparticles, which expands the range of chemotherapy drugs available in this strategy. The intelligent Ge/[email protected] was proven to effectively inhibit tumor recurrence as well as wound infection after surgical treatment of tumors, successfully “killing two birds with one stone.” Overall, the observations in this study will hopefully provide a jumping-off point for further theoretical and experimental explorations toward germanene as well as other 2D Xenes, many of which have clinical translation opportunities that remain to be investigated by the cancer nanomedicine community in the foreseeable future. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (CRI project no. 2018R1A3B1052702 , J.S.K.) and the Basic Science Research Program ( 2017R1D1A1B03030062 , M.W.) though the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education . Germanene-Based Theranostic Materials for Surgical Adjuvant Treatment: Inhibiting Tumor Recurrence and Wound InfectionFeng et al.MatterMay 29, 2020In BriefHere, we demonstrate the proof-of-concept application of Ge-based nanosheets for an intelligent surgical adjuvant therapeutic strategy in solid-tumor treatment. Multimodal-imaging-guided drug delivery via systemic administration exerted a presurgical neoadjuvant theranostic effect, and Ge-based hydrogel achieved in situ postoperative treatment for inhibiting tumor recurrence and wound infection. Full-Text PDF Open Archive" @default.
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- W3039554666 title "Navigating 2D Monoelemental Materials (Xenes) for Cancer Nanomedicine" @default.
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