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- W3040542479 abstract "The astonishing diversity of species on Earth has long puzzled ecologists and evolutionary biologists alike. For instance, why are there more than 300,000 species of beetles and only 10,000 species of mammals? Is it because the Creator is inordinately fond of beetles, as J. B. S. Haldane reportedly joked (1)? A somewhat more satisfying explanation can be based on the assumption of niche differences between species: When the self-limiting interactions of each species are stronger than interactions with its competing species, species cannot competitively exclude each other and biodiversity is maintained (2). However, metagenomic surveys increasingly reveal high diversity even within single microbial species (3, 4), for which the assumption of local niche differentiation seems less obvious. A prominent example of this fine-scale diversity is given by the phytoplankton Prochlorococcus , which, with an estimated 3 × 1 0 27 cells, is among the most abundant photosynthetic cells in the oceans (5). A single milliliter of seawater can contain hundreds of Prochlorococcus strains that have diverged from thousands to tens of millions of years ago (6).One way out of this dilemma is to argue that diversity simply is the result of the continual emergence of new strains, via an assumed constant rate of speciation or via immigration from other habitats, and their extinction via random demographic fluctuations, also called random genetic drift. This conjecture, which is the basis of neutral theory (7), has become one of the leading null models of biodiversity because it is remarkably successful in describing static observables related to the species abundance distribution in various ecosystems (7, 8). Yet, it is difficult to imagine that the dynamics of … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: ohallats{at}berkeley.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1" @default.
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- W3040542479 date "2020-06-29" @default.
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- W3040542479 title "Chaos may lurk under a cloak of neutrality" @default.
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- W3040542479 doi "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010120117" @default.
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