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- W3041411798 endingPage "1833" @default.
- W3041411798 startingPage "1833" @default.
- W3041411798 abstract "The androgen receptor (AR) plays a leading role in the control of prostate cancer (PCa) growth. Interestingly, structurally different AR antagonists with distinct mechanisms of antagonism induce cell senescence, a mechanism that inhibits cell cycle progression, and thus seems to be a key cellular response for the treatment of PCa. Surprisingly, while physiological levels of androgens promote growth, supraphysiological androgen levels (SAL) inhibit PCa growth in an AR-dependent manner by inducing cell senescence in cancer cells. Thus, oppositional acting ligands, AR antagonists, and agonists are able to induce cellular senescence in PCa cells, as shown in cell culture model as well as ex vivo in patient tumor samples. This suggests a dual AR-signaling dependent on androgen levels that leads to the paradox of the rational to keep the AR constantly inactivated in order to treat PCa. These observations however opened the option to treat PCa patients with AR antagonists and/or with androgens at supraphysiological levels. The latter is currently used in clinical trials in so-called bipolar androgen therapy (BAT). Notably, cellular senescence is induced by AR antagonists or agonist in both androgen-dependent and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Pathway analysis suggests a crosstalk between AR and the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src-Akt/PKB and the PI3K-mTOR-autophagy signaling in mediating AR-induced cellular senescence in PCa. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of therapeutic induction and intracellular pathways of AR-mediated cellular senescence." @default.
- W3041411798 created "2020-07-16" @default.
- W3041411798 creator A5024731322 @default.
- W3041411798 creator A5036577134 @default.
- W3041411798 creator A5074556605 @default.
- W3041411798 creator A5087458987 @default.
- W3041411798 date "2020-07-08" @default.
- W3041411798 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
- W3041411798 title "Mechanisms of Androgen Receptor Agonist- and Antagonist-Mediated Cellular Senescence in Prostate Cancer" @default.
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