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• W3041765920 abstract "Predicting ecological and evolutionary dynamics is challenging because the phenomena of interest emerge from complex nonlinear interactions between genomes, organisms, and environments. Complexity theory predicts that small changes in a basal element of an ecosystem can impact higher-order features such as population dynamics and biodiversity. Here we use a simple two-species laboratory system to demonstrate how slight alterations to the environment can have cascading effects on the ecology and evolution of that system. We cultured the bacterium Escherichia coli and a virus, phage λ, together in a carbon-limited medium. We varied the carbon source by supplying one of three similar sugars: glucose, maltose, or maltotriose. These sugars were chosen because we predicted they would impose varying degrees of constraint on the potential for the bacteria to evolve resistance to the phage. The sugars have different routes into the cell: both maltodextrins rely on the outer-membrane pore LamB, whereas glucose does not. LamB also serves as the receptor for λ attachment to the cell surface, and mutations that alter its structure or reduce its expression can confer resistance to λ. By varying the sugar and thereby the bacteria’s reliance on LamB, we predicted they would evolve different types of resistance and engage in different coevolutionary trajectories with λ. We saw even more striking effects than expected. This simple resource manipulation caused differences in the bacteria’s cost of resistance, which in turn affected population dynamics, community composition, coexistence, and coevolution. This cascade has important implications for predicting ecology and evolution. On the one hand, it reveals that even subtle environmental differences can have large and complex effects, making predictions difficult. On the other hand, important features of the environment (here, the specific limiting resource) can sometimes be identified a priori given sufficient knowledge of the molecular biology and physiology of the organisms." @default.
• W3041765920 created "2020-07-16" @default.
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• W3041765920 date "2020-01-01" @default.
• W3041765920 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W3041765920 title "Subtle Environmental Differences have Cascading Effects on the Ecology and Evolution of a Model Microbial Community*" @default.
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• W3041765920 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39831-6_20" @default.
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