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- W3043752413 endingPage "4993" @default.
- W3043752413 startingPage "4993" @default.
- W3043752413 abstract "Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises a heterogeneous group of primary liver tumors. They emerge from different hepatic (progenitor) cell populations, typically via sporadic mutations. Chronic biliary inflammation, as seen in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), may trigger CCA development. Although several efforts were made in the last decade to better understand the complex processes of biliary carcinogenesis, it was only recently that new therapeutic advances have been achieved. Animal models are a crucial bridge between in vitro findings on molecular or genetic alterations, pathophysiological understanding, and new therapeutic strategies for the clinic. Nevertheless, it is inherently difficult to recapitulate simultaneously the stromal microenvironment (e.g., immune-competent cells, cholestasis, inflammation, PSC-like changes, fibrosis) and the tumor biology (e.g., mutational burden, local growth, and metastatic spread) in an animal model, so that it would reflect the full clinical reality of CCA. In this review, we highlight available data on animal models for CCA. We discuss if and how these models reflect human disease and whether they can serve as a tool for understanding the pathogenesis, or for predicting a treatment response in patients. In addition, open issues for future developments will be discussed." @default.
- W3043752413 created "2020-07-23" @default.
- W3043752413 creator A5020671752 @default.
- W3043752413 creator A5037877480 @default.
- W3043752413 creator A5040579525 @default.
- W3043752413 creator A5062529299 @default.
- W3043752413 creator A5065340711 @default.
- W3043752413 creator A5083825910 @default.
- W3043752413 creator A5088475268 @default.
- W3043752413 date "2020-07-15" @default.
- W3043752413 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
- W3043752413 title "In Vivo Models for Cholangiocarcinoma—What Can We Learn for Human Disease?" @default.
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